'Ib History Paper 3 Guide\r'

'Sabrina Shaw Hunter 2A IB History of the the Statess HL 7 November 2012 Paper 3 acquire: Mexican alteration Bullet Points: delineate and Summarized:\r\n1. Causes of the Mexican Revolution: mixer, economic, and policy-making; the determination of the Porfiriato regime * Porfirio Diaz was the dictator of Mexico from 1876 to 1910. His regime is cognize as the Porfiriato regime. Diaz’s strong-disposed ideologies and aims were to depart and rule, restrain absolute governing body agency Diaz’s methods were the junk o Palo policy and the cut across placement.Diaz wanted to increase industrialization with appear change magnitude fo harness investment and he employ the fail system to encourage the curb of the wealthy comeowners. Diaz’s governmental goals were to rent autocratic rule, have absolute bureau, and obtain these by this policies and systems menti iodind earlier. * Through Diaz’s spoil system, the wealthy became wealthier and the poor, common Mexicans were starving.Hacienda owners were benefiting from the economic occurrence of Mexico unspoi guide the res publica were macrocosm suppress geni tout ensembley, economic solelyy, and politically, until Madero began spreading non re-election campaigns and innovationary attractership began to work groups and later armies, starting the Mexican Revolution.2. The re sassying and its attractors (1910-1917): Ideologies, aims, methods of Madero, Villa, Zapata, Carranza; achievements and failures; organic law of 1917: nature and drill * Madero: Came to forcefulness d wizard and through the overthrowing of Diaz- Popular for his book, chairial mend of 1910.Sought democracy, gained administration through common vote. His 15 months in office were followed by resistance political disaster, non-cooperation, and disunity mingled with his chase and in conclusion Huerta. (His supposedly appointed commandant of the establishment forces who conspired w ith the rebels for Madero’s fall) * The aims of Madero were to remove Diaz from provide and and so take Diaz’s condition. Villa’s aims changed impulsively and for immediate convenience. Zapata’s aims were for farming(prenominal) see the light complete gyrationary changes and cut bolt down distribution evenly to the poor.Carranza’s aims were to overthrow Huerta and to occasion a intention equivalent to Madero’s but without the ambitious accessible reforms. The ideologies of each revolutionary drawing card be very similar to the aims of each leader. The methods of Madero were forming the Anti-Reelectionist stub of Mexico and creating the send off of San Luis Potosi. The methods of Villa were freedom skirmisher tactics and cosmos a charismatic leader that affiliated with the lower class. The methods of Zapata were choosing small, easy battle to advertize morale among his men and crusadeing episodic hookup Diaz was occupie d with the North.The methods of Carranza were fighting Huerta and creating the designing of Guadalupe. Madero and Carranza both(prenominal)(prenominal) became electric chair, however they did non keep this localise for very long because of their leave out of neighborly reform. Zapata’s invention of Ayala was accepted by the other revolutionary leadershiphip. Villa was equal to fight and consequently able to retire later the revolution. * Constitution of 1917: The Constitution of 1917 is described as matchless of the to the highest degree progressive governing body created at this clip within Mexico; it had world-shaking influence on the political developments of the country.The temper of 1917 was approved by the Constitutional sexual relation on February 5, 1917 as the Political Constitution of the coup lead Mexican States. It was similar to the fundamental law of 1857 but gave to a greater finish than business leader to the decision maker branch a nd gave additional rights to the Mexican tidy sum. The temper displayed significant changes in Mexican political philosophy that gartered frame the political and social backdrop for Mexico in the ordinal century. For its condemnation it is im sortant as it was ceremonious previous to the ending of the revolution, showing that the Mexican people were slowly gaining what they were fighting for. Carranza was the prototypic electric chair to serve under(a) this constitution.3. Construction of the post-revolutionary give tongue to (1920-38): Obregon, Calles, and the Maximato; challenges; assessment of their impact in the post-revolutionary relegate Obregon: * Mexican president from 1920 to 1924. Obregon was assassinated in 1928 before he won the reelection his sulphur presidential term. Calles: * Calles held cater indirectly through 3 presidents which were his â€Å"puppets”. They were Emilio Portes Gil, Pascual Ortiz Rubio, and Abelardo Rodriguez.Calles plays an aut horised role subsequently the revolution since, because of him, t here(predicate) was a primitive change that accepted non-consecutive reelection within Mexico. In 1926, Calles overly made an anticlerical legislation by reforming the punishable code, this law outlawed religious methodicalnesss. most Mexican states such as Jalisco, Zacatecas, Guanajuato, Colima, and Michoacan, mightfully opposed the root of this law lastly leading to the Cristero war. The impact of Calles was very forbid on Mexico, because it plunged Mexico into a nonher war. Maximato: A time period of 1928-1935 in which Mexico was light-emitting diode by Plutarco Elias Calles, who is withal cognize as el Jefe Maximo (the supreme leader)4. Lazaro Cardenas and the renewal of the revolution (1939-40): aims, methods, and achievements * Lazaro Cardenas was the president from 1934-1940, quite a few geezerhood later onwards the 1920 end to the Mexican revolution. He distributed land, made loans available to churls, organized workers’ and peasants’ confederations, and expropriated and nationalized foreign-owned industries. unmatchable of his masteryes was the six year invent, continuing the savour of the Mexican Revolution.Cardenas reorganized and purged the party of Calles influence. These actions pore on the cardinal pillars of his party, labor, peasantry, and the troops. One of his methods include reassessing the Indian cultural heritage, pushing the impressiveness of old Indian arts and the reevaluation of the Aztec culture which emphasized their influence on modern-day culture and increased nationalism. A nonher success of Cardenas included Tienda de Raya. This was a system in which workers on large landholders land would be paid in vouchers or tokens that were l unitarysome(prenominal) redeemable at the stores belonging to the landholders. some(prenominal) debt created by iodine worker would be passed to his children if he was unable to pay it, this crea ted a system where debt would continue to move through the generations until fully paid.5. The role of foreign powers (especially the join States) in the outbreak and development of the Mexican Revolution; motivations, methods of intervention and contributions * Before the war, the joined States decided that they would aid civil political relation in enforcing neutrality laws. The United States autocratic themselves and made Mexico aw be of their actions in well-to-do of war and assistance.Jacob Dickinson, secretary of war for the US authorized American Military to inform Mexican militaries about actions that would be taken if American lives and properties were threatened. This action made it watch to Mexico that the US would only intervene under these circumstances. Wilson’s goal of intervention was to raise the constitutionals, including Carranza, into power so that he could campaign to statement the party. Wilson desired for Mexico to be meliorate in liberal an d constitutional lines. During the revolution the largest involvements of the US and Mexico was the Tampico skirmish and the force of Veracruz.Woodrow Wilson want to influence the conflict by tyrannical the flow of foreign military supplies to Mexico through its primary port, Veracruz. Wilson intended to overthrow the government of Huerta by seizing and blockading Veracruz. This would weaken Huerta as Veracruz was the most valuable port for weaponry coming in to Mexico. With Americans controlling the port city Wilson could limit the Mexican Armys access to military supplies and could at long last govern the flow of arms to the next government of Mexico.By getting involved in both the Tampico affair and beleaguer of Veracruz, Wilson was announcing to Mexico and the revolutionary leaders who he dunge peerlessd and didn’t. Other than these ii physical involvements, the US aided several(prenominal) leaders by providing Madero with a reliable haven, and several other leaders with arms to overthrow some leaders succession livelihood the rise of others. Wilson tried to top the problem of Villa in an flak to conform to outraged Americans after a Villista tear on Columbus, vernal Mexico. The United States formally acknowledged the new Mexican government when Carranza came to terms on parade 11.6. meet of the revolution of the arts, education and practice of medicine (suitable examples could be Siquerios, Rivera, Orozco); the impact of Vasconcelos’ educational reforms; the development of public music; literary works on the revolution * Jose David Alfaro Siqueiros (1896-1974)- A Mexican social realist cougar who is known for his large wall samaraings in fresco. These wall paintings assisted build the post-revolutionary Mexican renaissance. Siqueiros as a person historically, participated in the assassination attempt to Leon Trotsky.Diego Rivera (1886-1957) †A very well-known Mexican painter whose works argon displayed from New York City, to Mexico City, and all the way to Buenos Aires. He was hook up with to another famous Mexican artisan, Frida Kahlo. Riveras foot political beliefs, his attacks on the church building and clergy, as well as his dealings with Trotskyists and left-wing assassins made him a controversial manikin passim Mexico. * Jose Clemente Orozco (1883-1949) †Mexican social realist painter who specialized in bold murals. Orozco was the most complex of the Mexican muralists.He was very worshipful of the theme of human suffering, be less(prenominal) realistic in his works. He was also more than fascinated by machines than Rivera. He promoted the political causes of peasants and workers, similar to the ideals of Zapata. * Frida Kahlo (1907-1954) †Mexican artificer known for her great self-portraits, she is remembered for the passion and pain, their vivacious colors. As communists, Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera were active communists and were friends with Leon Trotsky as he sought political asylum in Mexico from Joseph Stalins regime in the Soviet coupling during the late 1930s.It is master(prenominal) to note that the fastidious movement began in Mexico roughly the 1930s. The artist movement following the revolution stands out historically because of its political undertones, the major(ip)ity being of a Marxist nature. Many pieces of artistry from the time period ar link to the social and political situation of post-revolutionary Mexico. * Jose Vasconcelos (1882-1959) †Vasconcelos was a Mexican writer, philosopher, and politician. He worked as escritoire of Education under Alvaro Obregon. He is one of the most influential and controversial personalities in the development of modern Mexico.Vasconcelos started the Mexican mural movement that allowed famous Mexican artists to paint on the walls of the most important Mexican buildings. â€Å"El pueblo a la universidad, la universidad al pueblo” †It’s a mural painted b y Jose David Alfaro Siqueiros that represented the people from rural areas were going into schooltime as a result of Vasconcelos’ educational reforms. i. He is a controversial figure in Mexico, he denounced democracy and back up the ideas of scat and power. Supportive of both Madero and Villa during the revolution, he was responsible for initiating major reforms in the Mexican school system. Manuel Ponce †Mexican composer active end-to-end the 20th century.Ponce connected the concert mooring setting with a forgotten tradition of normal song and Mexican folklore. Many of his compositions are strongly influenced by the harmonies and form of convocational songs. He was able to revive the idea of traditional songs and music. La Cucaracha (The cockroach) †Mexican folklore corrido whose origins are unclear but some urge it began during the revolution and became popular after it ended. several(prenominal) verses were changed and it said that revenge was wanted for Madero’s death. Carlos Chavez- Mexican composer, music theorist, and founder and music director of the Mexican Symphonic Orchestra. Chavez’s music was influenced by some(prenominal) native Mexican cultures such as the Yaqui. After the Mexican revolution and the pop election of electric chair Alvaro Obregon, he was well known for victimization Aztec themes in his music.Key People (10) 1. Porfirio Diaz * Was the leader of Mexico from 1876 to 1910. Diaz came from a military background, with an Indian history. He governed with the Pan o Palo policy, a policy where Mexican citizens were threatened with the ability to eat or be beaten.The policy won Diaz the support of the church and wealthy landowners. By impart fear into Mexican citizens Diaz was able to appease in control. His rurales tried to suppress peasants and their lawlessnesss during his reign. Diaz was known to use the spoil system, awarding and promoting clumsy people for his own personal gain. He str uggled with finding a way to grow Mexico and how to boost the economy without foreign investment. Diaz was ultimately overthrown in 1910 with the opposition of Madero, and went into exile in 1911. 2. Francisco Madero Madero opposed the dictatorship of Diaz and was pro-democracy. He wrote and create â€Å"The Presidential season of 1910” in swears that Diaz would sting to his word and allow for a democratic leader to take explosive devote of Mexico. His democratic ideologies were reflected in his non-reelection campaigns and his desire to enact political change. He came from an upper-class family, possibly one of the reasons he wasn’t so rivet on social conflict in Mexico at the time. His anti-reelection clubs come him in put to sleep by Diaz, which led to his escape to Texas.This is where Madero aforethought(ip) San Luis Potosi , ultimately handicraft for the election of 1910 tell void and Diaz to be officially overthrown. Madero assumes power in 1911 by constitutional presidency. Madero apply his educational background to spark the revolution, employ his knowledge to his advantage. His revolutionary ideals, however, were unsuccessful as he was focussed on power instead of pleasing the people. It is also important to know that Madero lacked support of rural leaders, specifically the support of Zapata who was a leader foc apply on social change.3. Pancho Villa Villa’s aims were establish upon convenience as he was a revolutionary leader that tagged alongside those in power at the time. He was well known for using guerilla tactics and primarily advocating for the poor and supporting the idea of rural reform. He was an explosive leader as he was one who sought action and crime. He was eventually murdered on July 20, 1923.4. Emiliano Zapata * Zapata fought a primarily defensive war. He held non-political methods and ideologies, fighting for a non-violent diplomacy. In that, his main(prenominal) goals were social and agraria n reforms. This is seen as he formed the Ayala plan and spent his time supporting this plan. It revolve around the Mexican land and returning(a) it to rightful land owners. Zapata was focused on controlling small farms and redistributing land in the due south rather than focused on power in the North.5. Venustiano Carranza * Carranza became president of Mexico after the overthrow of Huerta in 1914. His success in the revolution was because of his ability to portray himself as wise leader with a hope for peace. Carranza was a supporter of Madero, following his no reelection movement in 1910.Madero named him commander in chief in the revolution of Coahuila and Tamaulipas. Carranza believed that the Plan of San Luis Potosi, reliablely created by Madero, was inaccurate as the social reform would be well-nigh impossible to achieve. He then created the Plan of Guadalupe. This plan promised to restore the 1857 Constitution of Mexico without the promised social reforms. The plans then l ead to the introduction of Obregon, as he would be the one to create the armament for Carranza to lead. Carranza was an ambitious leader, allowing him to be more successful in the revolution than those who relied strictly on arms.6. Alvaro Obregon Obregon supported Carranza in the overthrowing of Huerta, which led to Carranza becoming president. In 1920, Obregon started a revolt against Carranza and Carranza was assassinated. Obregon became the president. His presidency is known as the starting signal stable presidency since the revolution began in 1910. He made education reform, land reform, and made labor laws, for example.7. Victoriano Huerta * Madero sent Huerta to snag Orozco’s revolt. After defeating Orozco, he returned to Mexico with a hero’s welcome. Huerta was promoted to Commander in Chief. Madero put Huerta in charge to throw in the coup started by a U. S. ambassador.Madero successfully stopped the attempted coup and when he returned, he gained a lot of power and made Madero resign from the presidency. Huerta becomes president on February 19, 1913. In 1913, Carranza leads a rebellion against Huerta, because all the revolutionary leaders are against Huerta exclude for Orozco. * In 1914, the U. S. turns against Huerta after he killed a senator. * Huerta tried to unite Mexico under a common hatred for America, but inescapably failed. * He realizes that he cannot win after the US storms Vera Cruz after the Tampico affair, Huerta resigns on July 15, 1914 and Carranza becomes president.8. Pascual Orozco * Orozco supported Madero, because he wanted to remove Diaz from power. He grew to dislike Madero because of Madero’s lack of reforms and because Madero did not give Orozco a position in the cabinet or a state governorship. Orozco resigned, but Madero did not accept it until he turned down the governorship of Chihuahua. On March 3, 1912, Orozco declared that he was rebelling against Madero. Orozco was defeating Madero’s a rmy, so Madero sent Huerta to stop Orozco, which he courteous by dreadful. Orozco fled to the U. S. ut later returned to confederate with Huerta when Huerta became the president. After the fall of Huerta, Orozco returned to the U. S. , where he was fracture and killed on August 30, 1915.9. Benito Juarez * Juarez was a lawyer who was the president of Mexico for 5 terms. His death led to the branch of the Porfiriato regime of Diaz. 1806-1872 10. Lazaro Cardenas * Cardenas was the president of Mexico from 1934 to 1940. He was a very revolutionary president. He arrested Calles and some of Calles’ associates for their persecution of the church that led to the Cristero War.He used the National Revolutionary Party’s six-year plan of social and political reform. His programs strengthened schools and roads, promoted education, and included land reform. After his presidency Cardenas continued to have power through puppet-like men that he controlled who became president.Key Events (7)1. Presidential duration of 1910 * This was a book written and published by Madero. Its purpose was to call for the actual president, Diaz, to step down from power and allow free elections. It ultimately helped Madero gain power during the revolution.2. Plan of Ayala * November 25, 1911 The plan of Ayala was created by Zapata and enacted on November 25, 1911. It was a plan that called for agrarian reform, the base of Zapata’s revolution and the reason wherefore he is an important leader in the revolution. The plan sets Zapata, as a leader, by from the others as it shows Zapata’s ideals of social reform through agriculture rather than the fight for political power.3. Plan of Guadalupe * February 24, 1913 The plan of Guadalupe was established by Carranza in 1913. It focused around political power, calling for the transfer of power in Mexico and improving conditions for the poor.It came as a result of Huerta’s overthrow of Madero, with Carranza bel ieve that Huerta’s rise to power was illegitimate. The plan spurned Huertas government and focused on a continuation of Maderos policies. It was recognized by leaders such as Villa, Zapata, and Obregon. It was one of the three most important enumerations within the Mexican revolution. The plan gathered Villa, Zapata, and Orozco to help Carranza in the overthrow of Huerta in July 1914. * Carranza calling for the overthrow of Huerta and restoration of the constitution of 1857 (limiting the church’s power)4.Tampico Affair * Led to storm of Veracruz * April 9, 1914 * A battle was taking place in Tampico when a U. S. ship landed there. The federal authorities of Mexico arrested all the Americans to nourish them from the fighting. The American general was outraged by their treatment and demanded an apology with a 21 gun salute. The federals refused to grant his request of a 21 gun salute, further angering the Americans. The U. S. determined an embargo on armament freigh tage to the federal authorities of Mexico as a result of the affair. The Tampico affair ultimately leads to the storm of Vera Cruz.The U. S. invaded Vera Cruz instead of Tampico because U. S. businesses had oil refineries in Tampico and they did not want to disturb oil production, illustrating the field of U. S. industry in Mexico.5. Treaty of Ciudad Juarez * may 21, 1911 * The treaty of Ciudad Juarez stated that Diaz had to resign by the end of 1911, the interim president would be Francisco de la Barra, and that De la Barra is in charge of holding free elections. It is an important document as it ends Diaz’s reign and allows for the ancestor of Madero’s power.The treaty left all of Diaz’s political leaders and institutions in place, making it grave to rid the system of Diaz and his way of running Mexico. 6. Obregon offers amnesty to Villas army: December 1915 * Obregon offered amnesty to all the Villistas, the soldiers in Villa’s army. The amnesty wa s only not offered to high-ranking officials and Villa himself. This event gave Villa’s soldiers a way out of the war after fighting for five years. Villa’s army was severely reduced and he was pressure to retreat to the hills of Chihuahua.7. Convencion de Aguascarlientes of 1914 This was a constitutional convention that raised issues between the central leaders, pitch forth their differences once again. Obregon attends the impact while the other leaders are absent. It is here that the Plan of Ayala gets its inaugural support, it is voted on to kindle Carranza from office, and sparks a string of events surrounding Villa and Carranza. Villa then enters the US and makes an attack, in which the US retaliates by sending troops into America act to capture Villa. Carranza at this point was being supported by the US and was reason the interests of the upper class citizens of Mexico.Key Dates (7)1.Resignation of Diaz * May 25, 1911 The sufferance of Diaz ended an era o f dictatorship and sparked the revolution as multiple leaders had contradictory ideas on what was best for Mexico and what were the best ship canal of achieving these goals. Diaz’s resignation led to Madero’s assumption of power and ultimately the beginning of the Mexican revolution.2. Meeting of Zapata and Villa * December 4, 1911 Zapata and Villa met for the first time in the presidential castle on December 4, 1911. At this meeting the deuce leaders agreed that they did not want the presidency, the power over Mexico,3. storm of Veracruz * April 21, 1914Within this incident there were over two hundred Mexicans dead, 300 wounded and 19 American dead and 47 wounded. These numbers showed the United States’ superiority in numbers, technology, and strategy at the time. The United States stormed Veracruz in light of Tampico affair after not receiving a 21 gun salute after the arrests in Tampico. They stormed Veracruz because they did not want to invade Tampico bec ause America had oil refineries in Tampico. It is also one of the main ports in which Huerta was receiving arms, if the US could control that port they could show dominance in support of Carranza and against Huerta.4.Madero wins presidential election * November 6, 1911 This is revolutionary as Madero has successfully overtaken Porfirio Diaz. Madero’s reign was to be short as he made several mistakes as he assumed power. The biggest mistake that Madero made was not officially taking over for a couple of months, this allowed Diaz’s supporters and leaders to down talk Madero and undermine his authority to the citizens of Mexico.5. Murdering of Madero * February 22, 1913 * The U. S. ambassador stages a coup led by Diaz’s nephew, but the coup is not supported by the U. S. government. Madero puts Huerta in charge of stopping the coup. Huerta stops the attempted coup, but returns and makes Madero resign as he gains power. Madero believes Huerta leave behind let him re sign peacefully. However, Huerta kills Madero’s brothers and then kills Madero. Madero becomes a revolutionary martyr and killing Madero alienates international opinion * Huerta gains power6. Carranza becomes president * August 20, 1914 * Carranza led a rebellion against Huerta. feature with Carranza’s rebellion and the U. S. invasion of Sera Cruz, Huerta’s power was drained. Huerta resigned and Carranza became the president.7. Zapata is murdered * April 10, 1919 * By a group organized by Carranza . 1920: Obregon with the help of Zapatistas, Villistas, and other revolutionaries overthrow and kill Carranza.Obregon becomes president Quotations (2)1. â€Å"A dog with a swot up neither kills nor steals” â€Porfirio Diaz2. â€Å"It is better to die on your feet than to live on your knees”-Emiliano Zapata  * This quotation is an important one when dealing with the Revolution. It characterizes Zapata as one of the revolutionary leaders quite nicel y. This is because Zapata was the leader that stood strong, and fought enthusiastically, for what he believed in; he fought hard for agrarian reform in the South of Mexico.It is a good reflection of how he would rather stand up for what he believed in than to subject himself to something that’s not as worthy. Two Historians: Michael C. Meyer- The Course of Mexican History| * â€Å"They neither were not just traditional organized armies nor were they simply peasant mobs. ”Meyer focuses on the uniqueness of the rebel armies and how the uniqueness of the armies led to internal migration and mixing of languages, as well as giving more power to the people.Meyer says, â€Å"since the base of power was shifty to new hands the future for the great deal seemed auspicious and this hope stems into later generations. | stamp Mclynn- Villa and Zapata: A History of the Mexican Revolution| * Mclynn claims that â€Å"Capitalism took a stronger hold on Mexico because of the revolu tion. ”In this quotation Mclynn says there are three main strands of the revolution. First, the improvement of capitalist economy leading to a rise in industrial bourgeoisie. Second, the movement of peasants leading to demands for genetic lands. Third, the alliance of persons from the North with several(predicate) occupations led to increased capitalism. | Past Test Questions (10)To what extent did foreign intervention prolong the Mexican Revolution? 2003)â€Å"Technology is a new type of imperialism. ” Discuss this statement with annex to the impact of technology upon at least one country in the Americas during the twentieth century. (2003)â€Å"By the end of the 1920s the original objectives of the Mexican Revolution had been abandoned. ” To what extent do you agree with this judgment? (2005) run into the major stages of the Mexican Revolution (1910-20) and exempt the programmes of three of the most important leaders. (2006)Analyse the causes of the Great D epression in one country in the Americas. 2006)Compare and communication channel the treatment of indigenous peoples in two countries of the region in the eighteenth century. (2005)Analyse the main features and impact of one cultural or one intellectual development in theAmericas in the period from 1850 to 1919. (2005)For what reasons, and with what results, did railroads develop in one country of the region between 1860 and 1929? Support your answers with examples. (2008)How did Malcolm X and the Black Panthers chance upon the goals of the Civil Rights Movement?Outline: Examine the major stages of the Mexican Revolution (1910-20) and explain the programmes of three of the most important leaders. (2006) The grad of the Mexican Revolution from 1910-1920 is complicated amongst its many leaders and quite frequent shifts in power. With leaders fighting over power of the same country, they each individually had different ideals and tactics. The separation in goals for Mexico, and a la ck of Mexican citizen involvement, ultimately determined the temporary leader of Mexico until another one was able to come to power throughout the war.The Mexican Revolution follows a transfer of power from major leaders as Diaz to Madero, Madero to Huerta, Huerta to Carranza, and at last Carranza to Obregon. Diaz to Madero * Presidential Succession of 1910 (importance) Madero to Huerta * Couldn’t append land issues and keep social order * Lacked army support * 1913 Coups- Huerta gains control of army and kills Madero Huerta to Carranza * US involvement * Tampico Affair and Vera Cruz * trade embargo on arms shipments * US did not like HuertaThe programmes of the three most important leaders were Madero’s Presidential Succession of 1910, Zapata’s Plan of Ayala, and finally Carranza’s Plan of Guadalupe. Each of these three plans reflected the leader and their primary ideas for Mexico. While Zapata stood by his Plan of Ayala throughout the entire revoluti on, the Presidential Succession of 1910 only provided a short list of support for Madero, and the Plan of Guadalupe was successful for Carranza as it was focused on by more than just one leader, as well as it provided a common subdivision in overthrowing Huerta.Presidential Succesion 1910 Madero * Book, well read in Mexico * Called for Diaz to step down and for free elections * Was the first major event in the Mexican Revolution as it was the first astray supported anti-Diaz campaign. Plan of Ayala * Supported by citizens * Mainly in the South * Zapata- farming(prenominal) reform * Appeals to the people * Stood by it throughout the war (Central idea for Zapata) Plan of Guadalupe Carranza February, 1913 * political power, calling for the transfer of power in Mexico. * result of Huerta’s overthrow of Madero. * rejected Huertas government and focused on a continuation of Maderos policies.It was recognized by leaders such as Villa, Zapata, and Obregon. * It was one of the thr ee most important documents within the Mexican revolution. * The plan gathered Villa, Zapata, and Orozco to help Carranza in the overthrow of Huerta in July These three plans were major events during the course of the Mexican Revolution. They aided the leaders in their goals for Mexico during a time of public debate and power differences. As one leader lost power, another would quickly gain it. Sometimes working together, and sometimes against, the leaders of the revolution followed a pattern of overthrowing , followed by the assumption of power.\r\n'