Biflavone and a Plant Sterol Isolated from Antidesma bunius

Biflavone and a Plant Sterol Isolated from Antidesma buniusA Biflavone and a Plant Sterol Isolated from Antidesma bunius (Linn.) Spreng.Ivan L. Lawagai,* Suad Naheedb, Mohammed Mosihuzzamanc, Allan, Patrick G. Macabeoadeg, Erickson Paragasefk, scape Prokschh, Alicia M. AguinaldoaegKeywords Antidesma, Antidesma bunius, Amentoflavone, Betasitosterol, biflavone, sterols1. Subject and sourceAntidesma bunius (Linn.) Spreng. (Euphrbiaceae) bignay is a common plant found throughout the Philippines. The bark is poisonous as it contains an alkaloid thus, is used medicinally. The leaves are acidic and diaphoretic, and, when young, these are boiled with pot-herbs, and employed by the natives in syphilitic infections (Quisumbing, 1978). The leaves are sudorific and are employed in treating snakebite in Asia (Morton, 1987). The leaves of Antidesma bunius, commonly known as bignay, are traditionally used by native Filipinos to control diabetes (Lawag et al., 2012).Fresh leaves were collected fro m the hills of Brgy. Agustin Navarra, Ivisan, Capiz Province in January 2009. The plant was identified by Asst. Prof. Rosie A. Madulid and a voucher exemplar (USTH 5357) is deposited at the UST Herbarium, Botany Laboratory, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas (UST), Manila, Philippines.2. Previous workDammara-20, 24-dien-3-ol and friedelin were isolated from the stem and leaves of A. bunius (Hui and Sung, 1968). In 2008, Samappito and Butkhup identified the flavonoids catechin, Procyanidin B1 and Procyanidin B2 from the fruits and Gallic acid, quercetin, catechin and epicatechin were also spy from the fruits of A. bunius (Santiago et al., 2005).3. Present study3.1. Extraction and closing offDried and ground leaves Antidesma bunius (1610 g) were extracted with 80% ethanol to intrust a green syrupy extract (240.0 g) which was subjected to vacuum gas chromatography (VLC) using solvents of increasing polarity starting with hexane, hexane-d ichloromethane (11), dichloromethane, dichloromethane -ethyl acetate (11), ethyl acetate, ethyl acetate-methanol (11), and methanol to give seven fractions. The fifth fraction (4.04 g) was further fractionated double on silica gelatine packed on VLC using solvents of increasing polarity starting from hexane and ending with methanol giving five fractions each, respectively. Fraction ternion which was purified twice on silica gel using hexane-dichloromethane (11) and hexane-dichloromethane (955) furnished 1 (16.13 mg).Isolation of 2 the fourth fraction (12.34 g) after VLC was chromatographed on silica gel using 5-10% gradients of methanol in dichloromethane to give ten fractions. Fraction three (42.3 mg) was further purified using Sephadex LH20 using 20% gradients of methanol in DCM to give 2 (5.9 mg).(1)(2)3.2. Identification of purified compoundsThe compounds were identified as Stigmast-5-en-3-ol or -sitosterol, a plant sterol, (1) (Balamurugan et al., 2012) and (Sosinska, et al., 2013) and 3,8-biapigenin (Amentoflavone), a biflavone (2) (Chari et al., 1977) and (Ryu et al., 2010) on the basis of their IR, LR-EIMS, LR-ESIMS and NMR (1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HMBC and HSQC) spectral data and by affinity of spectra extends with the literature.4. Chemotaxonomic significanceOther Antidesma species like A. menasu (Risvi et al., 1980a), (Risvi et al., 1980b) and A. pentandrum (Chen et al., 2004), (Kikuchi, 1983) are known to contain plant sterols. A. puncticulatum is known to contain flavonoids (Nuengchamnong and Ingkaninan, 2009), while A. laciniatum was inform to contain both plant sterols and flavonoids (Tchinda et al., 2006).The isolation process that was presently preformed on the ethanolic leaf extract of A. bunius afforded compounds 1 and 2 which were coherent to the compounds that were previously isolated or reported from the other Antidesma species. Although the said compounds were reported for the very first time in A. bunius, compound 1 was also r eported to be present in A. pentandrum (Chen et al., 2004) and in A. laciniatum (Tchinda et al., 2006), while compound 2 was reported to be present in A. laciniatum (Tchinda et al., 2006). This further establishes the chemotaxonomic relationship of A. bunius towards the other species of the genus Antidesma.Although plant sterols (Hui and Sung, 1968) and biflavones (Samappito and Butkhup, 2008), (Santiago et al., 2005) were previously reported in the leaf and bark extracts A. bunius, this is the first report that indicated the presence of -sitosterol (1) and Amentoflavone (2). Compounds 1 and 2 therefore add up to the list of isolated and identified compounds from the leaves of A. bunius.ReferencesQuisumbing, E., 1978. Medicinal Plants of the Philippines. Katha Publishing Inc., Quezon City, Philippines.Balamurugan, R., Stalin, A. and Ignacimuthu, S., 2012. European Journal of Medicinal alchemy 47, 38 43.Chari, V. M., Ilyas, M., Wagner, H., Neszmelyi, A., Chen, F., Chen, L., Lin, Y. , Lin, Y., 1977. Phytochemistry 16, 1273 1278.Chen, Y.C. Cheng, M.J. Lee, S.J. Dixit, A.K., Ishikawa, T., Tsai, I.L. Chen, I.S., 2004. Helvetica Chimica Acta 87 (11), 2805 2811.Hui, W. H. Sung, M. L., 1968. Australian Journal of Chemistry 21(8), 2137-40.Kikuchi, H., Tensho, A., Shimizu, I., Shiokawa, H., Kuno, A., Yamada, S., Fujiwara, T., Tomita, K., 1983. Chemistry Letters (4), 603 606.Lawag, I., Aguinaldo, A., Naheed, S., Mossihuzzaman, M., 2012. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 144(1), 217 219.Morton, J., 1987. Bignay. p. 210212. Fruits of Warm Climates. Julia F. Morton, Miami, FL.Nuengchamnong, N., and Ingkaninan, K., 2010. Food Chemistry 118, 147 152.Samappito, S. Butkhup, L., 2008. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 11 (13), 1654 1661.Santiago, D.M.O., 2005. MS Thesis University of the Philippines, Los Banos.Sosinska, E., Przybylski, R., Hazendonk, P., Zhao, Y. Y., Curtis, J., 2013. Food Chemistry 139, 464 474.Rizvi, S. H. Shoeb, A. Kapil, R. S. Popli, S. P., 1980. Exp erientia 36. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel (Schweiz).Rizvi, S., Shoeb, A., Kapil, R., Popli, S., 1980. Phytochemistry 19 (11), 2409 10.Ryu, Y. B., Jeong, H. J., Kima, J. H., Kima, Y. M., Park, J., Kim, D., Naguyen, T.T.H., Park, S., Chang, J. S., Park, K. H., Rho, M., Lee, W. S., 2010. Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry 18, 7940 7947.Tchinda, A.. Teshome, A. Dagne, E. Arnold, N. Wessjohann, L., 2006. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 20 (2), 325 328.Current AffiliationsiChemistry Department, Adamson University, Ermita, Manila, Philippines.jJinnah University for Women, Nazimabad, Karachi, PakistankDepartment of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, regular army* Corresponding author. E-mail address*emailprotected (I.L. Lawag)