Planning and Managing for the Future - Inverleith Hotel - Edingburgh Assignment

Planning and Managing for the Future - Inverleith Hotel - Edingburgh - Assignment ExampleIn addition, the managers and employees be identified to be focusing on the preferences of the customers facilitating in attracting more customers, which in turn aids towards the maturation of the hotel (Annual Report, 2014). One of the weaknesses of hotel is the limited sales volume and number of rooms, which is affecting the visibility of the brand name of the hotel. The study opportunity of the hotel is the competency of the employees based on which the hotel is able to perform its operations in a warring manner. The entrance of new hotel can be one of the major threats for B&B. The owners and managers play a brisk role towards the amelioratement of the performance of the hotel based on their good managerial skills. The owners and managers always support the employees in their work, so that the employees can perform their work effectively for meeting the satisfaction level of the custom ers (Annual Report, 2011).In the context, the designation focuses on evaluating the plans as well as objectives of Inverleith Hotel (B&B) for having a better understanding of the performance of the company. Accordingly measures are needed to be adopted for implementing the changes effectively for enhanced growth as well as reading of the hotel.The current business objectives and plans of Inverleith Hotel (B&B) are to increase exposure and expand market by using new and advanced technology. Other current business objective and plan is to increase the number of customers with the aim of change magnitude the profit as well as economic growth of the hotel. The hotel has planned to improve the quality of aliment products and also provide the best services to the customers based on the requirements of the customers (Annual Report, 2013). The business plans to hold a sloshed market position in the international market. The current business objectives and plans have been to enhance th e performance of the hotel. To improve the current performance, the owners and

Algebra Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Algebra - Math Problem ExampleSolution Let x = the measuring stick of Arabica(M) (in kg) and y = quantity of Robusta(H) (in kg) Based on the given information, equations may be set up as 10.50(x) + 9.25(y) = (9.74)(2500) ---? equation (1) x + y = 2500 ---? equation (2) Graphing each equation on the same xy-plane By applying refilling method (equation (2) into equation (1)) 10.50(x) + 9.25*(2500 x) = (9.74)(2500) 10.50(x) + 23125 - 9.25(x) = 24350 1.25(x) = 1225 Then dividing each side by 0.8, x = 980 kgs Arabica(M) And 980 + y = 2500 ---? y = 1520 kgs Robusta(H) Thus, the run of intersection is at (980, 1520) and this pertains to the quantities each of the Arabica(M) and the Robusta(H) that must be present in the bean-mixture so that Matthew is able to indulge the condition of selling a total of 2500-kg mixture where each kilogram is sold for $9.74. Summary of study Besides its flexible range of applications, I have learned that there can be alternate(a) methods in solving a s ystem of equations once each equation has been properly set up with correct algebraic expressions in which variables are made to represent unknown amounts of objects either count or non-count by nature. I appreciate the fact that in Algebra, one is able to verify the make upence of a solution by using methods of elimination and substitution wherein one method can be a means to countercheck the other which ought to show the same results. It is quite interesting that equations may be graphed to rig whether real solutions exist as via intersection of lines. Having become acquainted with different function types such as one-dimensional, polynomial, rational, logarithmic, and exponential, I gain knowledge of constructing relations among dependent and independent variables as well as arbitrary constants based on useful empirical data. Summary of Topic In the model mixture problem, business community like Matthew can set constraints in terms of cost, quantity of material or commodity to a lower place consideration, selling price, and additional concerns that may possibly be incorporated in formulating labels and pertinent equations. Normally, problems of such figure possess linear relationships of variables for which the number of solutions rely on the highest degree of independent variable by which to nominate the number of intersection points between the set of equations involved. Alternative Project In its existence and approach, Algebra serves as a base device to higher math such as Calculus which attempts to explore the grounds for the shadowy nature of a function and designates a sensible understanding about up to which extent it would exist considering assumptions or applicable conditions. Fundamentals of algebra are essential to the foundation of courses designed to solve multivariable systems through linear programming, matrix applications, and differential equations where there is ceaseless necessity for equations and functions in interpreting prob lem situations. They are particularly of ample advantage as tools for working chemists and biochemists who deal with cases of radioactive decomposition or rates of reactions for instance. Hence, chemical studies under such field may include the use of exponential function A = A0*e-kt where A stands for the element concentration or amount at any time t

Observational Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Observational Research - Essay ExampleOn the other hand, in non-participant observation, the role of the observer is limited to that of a spectator (DocShare, 2009). The components of empiric research are a quislingism of several skills. These include listening skills, non-verbal behavior, conflict management, kinship management, creativity, critical thinking, communication and analysis skills. These components are required so that the researcher can embark on a successful observation research project. The observational research process includes nine steps (DocShare, 2009). First, is to determine the research objectives, what the researcher wants to observe and his purpose. Second is the natural selection of the research subjects, i.e. the people to be observed. The third step is for the researcher to decide what field role he is going to adopt, whether a participant or non-participant. Gaining entry to the research field or going where the participants cash in ones chips time is the fourth step. The fifth step is building rapport with the subjects to develop a reciprocal relationship and mutual trust. The next step is observing the phenomena of interest and recording the findings. The seventh step is exiting from the field of study.

Death Penalty in the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Death penalization in the US - Essay Exampleer hand proponents believe that criminals who is a liability to the troupe or those who do not live based on the rules of the society needs to be penalize and in extreme cases they must be executed if no other options succeeded in correcting the criminal. Around 137 countries collapse abolished the death penalisation in law or practice. Despite international human rights standards, some nations quieten execute people. (Death Penalty)In US, as of April 1, 2008, the Death Penalty was authorized by 37 states, the Federal Government, and the U.S. forces. (The death penalty in the US) In fact United States is one of the toughest countries in the world as far as death penalty is concerned even though they speak out loud against all kind of human right violations around the world. They never accept that the first and most definitive human right is live and let others live. This paper analyses the different aspects of death penalty system in United States.In 2004 four (China, Iran, Vietnam and the US) accounted for 97 percent of all global executions. On average, every 9-10 eld a government in the United States executes a prisoner. Since the 1976 Supreme Court decision that re-instated the death penalty in the United States, the governments of the United States had executed 1,136, as of December 2008(Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty (CapitalPunishment)) The statistics clearly reveals that the US attitude towards human life is not so great compared to other countries. In fact it is a failure from the part of the governments that they were not able to control the crimes without capital punishment even in the 20 first century. For a civilized nation like United Sates the above statistics is not a satisfy one. The interesting thing is that even though capital punishment is implemented, the crime rates have not been come down and moreover it is on its upward journey. Most of the American people are rattling against capital punishment. But the governments

Issues and Risks of the Performance a Management System in the Merged Coursework

Issues and Risks of the Performance a Management System in the Merged Organization - Coursework ExampleImplementing a single exercise guidance agreement would not be appropriate to measure the achievement of all employees due to the differences in their competencies and skills. Since the carrying out management system would have its own rating parameters, there are chances that it could be fair for round individuals and unfair with some. This is because staffs perceive fairness with regards to comparisons. Employees compare inputs with one another, such as their efforts and expertise, their job accomplishments and compensations with other employees. overdue to the disparity in skill levels and the varying levels of inputs, efforts or expertise among employees, the performance evaluating parameters would be improper indicators of actual performance levels and productivity. Some employees are likely to get overrated while some of them would remain underrated. This would appear to be unfair for staffs which would eventually render the system ineffective. It is important that the performance management system measures the different activities accurately. If they do not, then the system results would differ from the actual results which would give its managers an inaccurate picture of the conditions of the firm and results of their decisions. All members from the deuce organizations might not be equally educated and updated about the use of the system. All managers might not be adept in a single technology which eject cause differences in the ship canal they use or operate the system. This could also arouse differences they interpret results or outcomes of measurements. Improper and inaccurate ratings can generate out of difference in assessments modes and techniques which can yield inaccurate results in the system (Markus, 2004, p.6-10). Mitigating risks of the performance management system in the merged organization Firstly, it must(prenominal) be ensu red that parameters for measuring performance must be based on fairness and equality. The different skills, expertise and competencies of staffs must be measured with different parameters in order to yield unbiased and accurate results. Aspects like extent of criticality of tasks, clog of work activities, time taken for performing a particular work activity must be considered while measuring task performances. It is essential to train staffs and employees on the new system of performance management. The head start step must be to educate staffs with regards to the importance of the system and make them understand the key concepts, words and best practices. It is crucial to clearly set out environmental and personal factors required for delivering top performance and the importance of supervisors to facilitate a high performing work environment in the organization. One method to eliminate discrepancies in use of parameters is to include a structured and quantitative approach. This is particularly effective in cases where the performance management is likely to be used as an input to a pay for performance scheme. Ideally, it is crucial to associate a certain weight to the job accountability and accountability in semblance to its importance and also each relevant competencies and skills if the organization wishes to reward certain behaviors. It is important to align the system with the organizational objectives and goals. Skills which are critical for the attainment of those

Revising for Unity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Revising for Unity - Assignment ExampleThe shell way to do this is to make bullies aware of their aggressive natural actions, and the pain the actions cause on their peers. In addition, victims should withal be encouraged and made aware that change can always happen.2) Change in the blustering(a) culture can be spearheaded by all of us. Even fourth graders can do it. Parents likewise can take part in proceedsing this change. We can all partner and promote campaigns against bully. These campaigns can discontinue kids and even adults who have once undergone bullying in their lives or are undergoing bullying to tell their stories so as to create awareness to everyone on the damaging effects of bullying, thus encourage them into taking action against this act. Young people can also hold meet ups and discuss the impact of bullying, as rise as create more solutions to bullying.3) The solution to bullying is a community wide thing. In fact, blaming bullies or being on their necks i s not the way out of this problem. The society inevitably to be one it needs to be a united agent of change if society is going to change. I understand that bullying is traumatizing from my personal experience, and I took it upon me to spread the word to parents and other students, who would help intervene and stop bullying in schools. I am part of the agents of change.The essay aims at sensitizing people on the harmful effect of bullying. In America, Bullying is a rampant problem in schools and thus it needs to be taken sincerely. The effects of bullying in most instances are detrimental to the development of the victim. Usually, after experiencing bullying, the victims self-esteem tends to diminish greatly. As such, I want my readers to understand and learn that bullying is a serious vice which should be discouraged and eliminated from the American school system since it leaves the victim (like me) scarred both emotionally, psychologically and physically for life.Each of the pa ragraph sentences relate to the paragraphs

Do you think that Mr. Champlin should have consulted with the Navy Essay

Do you think that Mr. Champlin should have consulted with the navy before spending his time and money on this project - Essay ExampleNavy disregardless of whether they were lost or considered abandoned in U.S., foreign or international waters. These guidelines are based on the US Constitutional and international maritime laws and the ownership is consistent with Articles 95 and 96 of the Laws of the Sea Convention. These articles reap the terms of immunity of warships in international waters. Addition in ally, the statutes as they stand with regards to federal official property dictate that all lost or presumed abandoned ships and aircrafts should not be disturbed or removed without a musket ball application and approval of said application before the property is moved. Operating under this tenet, the actions of Mr. Champlin proved to be in violation of the law. Essentially, he was ignorant of the law but this does not relive any accountability for its compliance. I find it presu mptuous of Mr. Champlin to ask for a refund when he blatantly violated several(prenominal) statutes with regards to presumably abandoned governmental property.I feel that Mr. Champlin should make it his business to be appraised with regards to the special rules of federal property especially in light of the fact that he intended to gain possession of it.

Enusring Coherence in Curriculum Research Paper

Enusring Coherence in Curriculum - Research Paper ExampleThe origination should also offer room for advancement some(prenominal) of the course of study structure as well as the curriculum content. Its application should also be serviceable in terms of implementation and should not contain any contradictory statements and strategies. These components relate directly to a perspicuous curriculum in my learning environment. The systematicness component ensures that all the activities in a curriculum be well connected to each other. This kind of connectivity assists in reservation the curriculum to be more coherent and, thus, promoting its ability to achieve its objectives. The completeness component ensures that all the part of the curriculum are complete and that they have sufficient contents. This promotes the connectivity of one part of the curriculum to the other, and, thus, making the curriculum to be coherent. The advancement component of the system protrude for curriculu m provides room for advancement of the curriculum content. Through the advancement of the content, their connectivity and relationships can be enhanced, thus making the curriculum to be coherent. Practicability component lists all the parts of the curriculum to be easy to administer. ... other best quality is that both of them assist in the selection and organization of learning experiences for effective study and achievement of learning objectives. Another very important quality of these two models is that they both provide a way of designing a mean of evaluation of the curriculum and its content. According to Erickson (2002, p. 44), a coherent curriculum is one that holds that makes signified as a whole and one that has parts which are unified and interlink. The three best qualities of these two curriculum models I researched about promotion of unification of the different parts of the curriculum. They also promote the interconnection of various parts of a curriculum and they help the curriculum to make sense as a whole. They also enable the various parts of the curriculum to make sense and, hence, they are very fundamental in the promotion of coherence of the curriculum. Among the two models that I researched, the one which could be most effective in my current educational environment is the Tylers Model. This is because this model being among the contemporaneity model is clearer, more simplified, more useful, and more comprehensive compared to the Gerlach and Ely Model. According to Dennis (2002), this model is appropriate for large casing mass education and it is also good for basics. Since my current educational environment involves teaching basics to a large group of students, this model will be the most appropriate for such an environment. Curriculum design There are various Knows in a curriculum design. One of them is what the students should know by the destruction of the curriculum. The other one is what the student

Competition between Loblaw and Wal-Mart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Competition between Loblaw and Wal-Mart - Essay ExampleThe decision maker Chairman of the fraternity is Galen Weston who at the time of the launching of these stores was just five month into the overbold status. He succeeded his father W. Galen Weston. The Executive Chairman is in a very demanding place at the moment. He not only has to counterchange the tables for the company but also has to save the familys reputation. He supporting executives have let him good deal very badly with awfully wrong recommendations, now he has taken the reins of the organisational strategy in his hold hands. He believes that he nates turn the fortune of the company around because according to him the company has been finished much more difficult times than this and it has always managed to crawl back up. And there is no curtilage to believe that the company would not do the same now when it faces a similar crisis situation (Besanko, Dranove, Shanley, and Schaefer, 2007). BARRIERS TO accessw ay Barriers to entry are placed by an existing business of an constancy in the industry to disapprove other interested freshman from entering the industry (Ferguson and Ferguson, 1994). The existing business can discourage a rude(a) entrant in a number of ways, for instance its can fabricate certain situations in the industry which would require a rising entrant to put up huge capital investing before entering the industry (Leamer, 2009). The existing business can also put up a show of its strong brand equity in the marketplace, which can also discourage a new entrant from entering (Barthwal, 2000). Michael E. Porter (2008), while analysing the competitive environment of an industry identified six entry barriers 1. Economies of scale This occurs when unit price of a product decreases when a certain level of production tidy sum is reached by a business (Mankiw, 2009). When existing players in the industry gain this advantage they force the new entrant to either find a competit ive production volume or bear the in high spirits unit cost. Other similar cost advantages which the existing player would have on his side overwhelm proprietary information, favourable location, experience, excess to raw material, government subsidies and etc (Arnold, 2008). 2. Product Differentiation Since existing businesses in an industry have an established brand equity and identity, this fact makes it important for new entrant to come up with a different product. In this regard the new entrant has to invest a lot of resources, which can be very discouraging for him (Wessels, 2000). 3. Capital Requirement This is a requirement which comes up when new entrant wants to enter an industry. They have to commit huge amount of capital to acquire operational status (Johnson & Scholes 2001). 4. substitution Cost This cost has to deal with customers, who have to bear this cost when they flog to a different provider of the same product. Certain industries have a very high switching co st which makes it important for the new entrant to offer customers some relief or incentives so that the customers find some motivation to switch (Borodzicz, 2005). 5. Access to Distribution Channels In an industry the established players have a dominating position when it comes to influencing the members of distribution channels. Through long standing relationship agreements an established business erects a hurdle for a new entrant, who has to

Summry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Summry - assay ExampleThe first phrase to be considered in this review is Apple Mac Computers Hit in Hacker Attack, Researcher Says written by Jordan Robertson and has been sourced from Bloomberg where it featured on 5 April 2012. According to this article, a new-made research has shown that over 6 Million users of Mac computers had reportedly fallen victim to hacker attacks this is an index number that Apple Inc, a company that had been predominantly untargeted by hackers, had now become a prime target. The article further relates that, according to a Russian antivirus computer softw be maker Doctor Web, the hacking attack predominantly targets computers victimization Apples Mac OS X software as opposed to windows systems. The research makes it unembellished that most of the attacks occurred in the US and Canada, and the company had successively sealed off a security fixture that had been a passageway for the virus. In addition to that, the research determined that the malware in question, specifically meant for Mac computers, capitalized on a weakness in a version of Oracle Corps Java software that functions as a plug-in on web browsers. The research also rebuffs traditional claims that Mac computers cannot be hacked, by pointing out the shift in hacker activities from computers that use Microsofts windows operating systems to those using Apples Mac OS X. ... Initially, Apple Inc has been an underdog in the computer operation systems business, and as such, it has been largely ignored by hackers due to its constrained market piece of ground. However, in the recent past, Apple Inc has risen above competition in this sector to rival industry giants deal Microsoft Corp. In this respect, Apple Inc has taken a strategic order in the industry by increasing its market share considerably, that it has now attracted hacker activities. Conversely, industry giants like Microsoft Corp have traditionally been a haven for hackers and hacker activities due to their l arge market share it is estimated that about 90% of the worlds desktop computers use the Microsoft Corpss windows OS and this message that it has the largest numbers of victims. Numbers are very significant to the hackers because then they are able to transfer the malware to a large proportion of victims in a single attack this highly promotes the hackers illicit money fashioning schemes. The research establishes that Apples spokesman Bill Evans has declined to comment on the recent attacks, perhaps due to the implications of the incidence to the future strategic direction of the company. The sudden realization that the company was not hacker resistant anymore could potentially ruin the companys prospects in the future because then it has lost one of its militant advantages in the industry. It is understood that computers that use Apple Incs Mac OS X operating systems are equally vulnerable to hackers, just like the computers operating on Microsoft Corps windows operating system. The second base article Exclusive Hacked companies still not telling investors is by Joseph Menn, and

Performance Management in the Companies BMC and HFO MRA Essay

Performance Management in the Companies BMC and HFO MRA - Essay ExampleA virtual(prenominal) organization is one where managers and employees have appropriate performance management using it naturally in the tier of their work. This involves planning as a regular system where concerned parties present distinct goals of a company. cook feedback to employees and work groups afterward monitoring and measuring performance on their progress towards reaching their goals. After managers nock higher standards to their employees they take care to develop the skills needed to achieve them. Additionally, effective performance management ensures that after the accomplishment of the mission, employees receive their rewards either formally or informally to recognize their actions (Performance Management). The splendour of performance management is to have a motivated work force, improved management control, direct financial take like an increase in sales and reduced costs of production.By ad opting performance management, BMC Company has a demote management control system that is responsive to employers needs. The online system ensures that BMC Company gets the right information to make decisions at all times. It also provides a well-communicated and documented process that simplifies strategic planning. HFO MRA works towards having a motivated workforce that ensures a companys continuity and achievement of goals. The company believes in measurable objectives where every employee knows their contribution in the bigger picture. This enables a company to achieve its goals.At HFO MRA Company, there is a higher probability of life history development than in BMC. In case an employee review is not up to the standards, the company arranges for training for this undivided employee. Employees receive additional rewards for longevity in terms of holidays which motivate them. The monitoring system is better than in BMC because of the involvement of managers and supervisors wh o constantly look forward to evaluation without concentrating on past mistakes. This gives employees a guarantee of their greatness in the company. By rewarding employees longevity, HFO MRA ensures that it keeps its employees longer in the company ensuring the continuity of the company.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 8

Marketing - Essay Example agree to Walker (2009), in 2012, over 20,000 e-bikes were sold in United Kingdom. Support for greener transport continues to grow thusly making e-bikes become a trend, and giving a higher advantage to the stockers of e-bikes. This is a marketing plan in the field of sustainable mobility. The success factor in electric bicycle is that it has several benefits in comparison to conventional forms of individual mobility. E-bikes business has been selected beca make use of electric bicycles mitigate accessibility problems and reducing energy use and most relevant emissions of commuter traffic. These issues are the success factors of Manchester e-bikes Inc. because e-bikes allow reduce environmental degradation, as intimately as offer cheap transport options.This plan focuses on the companys growth strategy, suggesting ways in which Manchester e-bikes Inc. can build a large customer base, develop products that are differentiated from the already existing brand s in the market. This plan will also provide information regarding the external environment in which the Company will operate in order to provide it with a good startup strategy. Since Manchester e-bikes Inc. will market its products directly to its customers, it is considered a business-to-customer (B2C) marketer.This marketing plan seeks to promote consumer awareness of the e-bikes and to motivate and entice them to acquire e-bikes. An outline of the strategies through which the e-bikes will be marketed will be given in this marketing plan. A substantial research will be undertaken in order to develop viable assessments that will help oneself Manchester e-bike Inc. to determine the marketing and image branding direction for their products.Every business is rooted in a particular macro environment. An instrument that is used to scan the macro environment is the PESTLE abbreviation (Andler 2008, p. 197-198). This analysis will be conducted in consideration of the political enviro nment, economic

Why fear big business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why fear big business - Essay Examplecapitalist economy is said to have begun in 1834 in England, another reason the cartoonist would want to use a European Knight.The late nineteenth century saw the US thoroughly changed by the Industrial Revolution from a principally agricultural state that ranked well behind England, France, and Germany to the worlds most redoubtable industrial power by it is today (Keene et al., pg. 56). Whereas many Americans celebrated the Industrial Revolution for the unparalleled real wealth and harvest-home it brought to the society, others became concerned by some of the dingy significances of industrializations. The consequence of these disagreeing visions was an extreme debate oer the appropriate role of the state in regulating the economy, the workers rights to form unions and advocate for better pay and workings conditions. The emergence of big corporations in the late nineteenth century during the period of rapid economic growth saw the rise of very powerful men.The choice of color and placement in the drawing provokes except appreciation of the cartoonists work. All the objects the cartoonist uses to depict the situation that presented the American worker are thought for. Whereas the fairish worker has exclusively the strike as the weapon, the large corporations have the power to bribe not only the press for favorable coverage but also to state officials suppressing the government for laws that were good for business. The two antithetical onlookers, the comfortably-seated and widely-smiling business tycoons and the standing hunger-stricken workers help the viewer see how much disparity existed in America. While the handful of the tycoons on the left sit under a shade, there is no shade for the seemingly imperishable crowd. It symbolizes how malnourished the people are- something that is father supported by the look on the childrens face (Keene et al.,

Civil rights and hospitality business Research Paper

Civil rights and hospitality pedigree - Research Paper ExampleA failure to bring off that everyones civil rights are respected may lead to costly and time consuming impartiality suits against the business (39).The civil rights law is embedded in the countrys regulations under the Civil Rights act upon 1964. There are many states that have more inclusive rights in their laws than the Civil Rights Act. The main tax return that these law addresses is discrimination and the equal treatment of all. In the hospitality industry, discrimination depending on race, gender, color, nationality, religious tie beam and social class is not allowed (Goodwin and Gaston 15). Any form of differential treatment for any employee or client may lead to a court case and possibly, serious repercussions for the business. Employment in the hospitality business is one of those areas that are likely to present a problem regarding civil rights (Chon and Maier 30). The employers or persons involved in the em ployment operate should ensure that the whole process is conducted in a manner that does not sin other peoples civil rights. Everyone should be afforded equal treatment in the employment process as the law requires.Race discrimination is the most common form of discrimination in the hospitality industry. In 2006, Cracker Barrel agreed to pay some $2 million to its African American employees who had sued the company for being racially discriminated against. The employees claimed that they were subjected to language that they said was racially derogatory. They also said that the restaurant require them to serve customers that the white employees refused to serve for one reason or another. Another of their complaints was that they were forced to work in smoking zones and their white counterparts had the freedom to refuse to do so. The last of their complaint was a direct intrusion to their personal civil rights which could have even affected their

Beyonce target market report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Beyonce target market report - Essay congresswomanDoing this led to a variant way to turn imperfect competition into one that was based rough moving outside of the competition. The more that different individuals could become a target the more likely they would be competent to respond to the products and services in a positive manner (Wedel, 2000).The excogitation of market partition is used for several reasons within the market. The foundation of this is to create a strategy within a breadbasket and outside of a business for the right responses. When a business has an undifferentiated market, which doesnt focus on the characteristics of demographics and individuals, then it may not be able to reach them as well. When a market is segmented, it is able to create a different approach which targets individuals that are in need of a product or service. More importantly, the segment is able to move outside of other competitors who have similar products or services. As this is done, there is the ability to create a different approach to the business and to the needs of proper(postnominal) individuals (Dickson, Ginter, 1987).The concept of multidimensional segmentation can be combined with the main aims that are used within different companies. When looking at different levels of purchase behavior and the way that potential customers respond to a specific concept, there is the ability to create different products or services that relate to the individuals needs. Doing this is able to create a specific understanding of what is occurring in the market as well as what the behaviors are of those that are a part of the market (Blattberg, Sen, 1974).The target market that will be used is in relation to the singer, Beyonce. Beyonce is a renowned R&B artist from the US and has won several Grammys through her music, acting and modeling. Beyonce began her race through the R&B band, Destinys Child, which gained prestige throughout America. She then broke into a solo art ist that was able to create a

The Works of Ernest Hemingway Essay Example for Free

The Works of Ernest Hemingway EssayErnest Hemingway is unrivalled of the most distinguished and seasoned American writers of all measure. He was born in oak tree Park, Illinois in 1899 to pargonnts Clarence Edmonds Hemingway and Grace Hall Hemingway. He grew up and obtained primary and secondary education in Oak Park. after high school, Hemingway decided to skip college and take on a career in Journalism for the local anaesthetic paper of the state of Kansas.Writing for The Kansas City Star for six long months was Hemingways starting signal job. His experiences as a journalist for the Star contributed to his composition styles brief yet succinct and forceful. After the Star, Hemingway enlisted himself as a volunteer for the Red Cross Ambulance Corps during World War I. He came up c discharge to the carnage and atrociousness of the war through his experiences and his involvement with army forthicers.After being wounded in the war, Hemingway returned to Oak Park where he c ontinued his make-up career for the local paper in Toronto, while alike busying himself with writing novels and short stories cardinal of his most popular novels being A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls, and The disused Man and the Sea, that were highly influenced by his experiences during the war and other personal and social events thereafter. (Wagner-Martin, 15-40)Hemingways ingnue in writing earned him versatile awards including the prestigious Pulitzer Price for The Old Man and the Sea and a Nobel Prize in Literature for his numerous flavourtime writing achievements. (Wagner-Martin, 16) It was Hemingways excellent and distinct writing style and body structure that earned him regard and prestige. With this in mind, the remainder of this text depart look into the established writing styles and writing structure of Hemingway, which earned him honor and esteem, as ostensible in his three most popular industrial plant as said(prenominal) above. In addition, the m ajor themes, motifs, and symbolisms present in the three novels will be compared vis--vis in devote to determine how Hemingway solidifies his ingenuity into writing.In general, the writing style of Ernest Hemingway is con postred by many of his readers and critics to be impartial but articulate. A written text published by the University of North Carolina, which features the works of Hemingway, discusses the simplistic personality of his works. His choice of wordings in his works were observed to be selections of unadorned nouns, verbs, and adjectives, however, Hemingway was still able to articulate obscurely and vividly significant scenes which make up the essence of his works, finickyly his novels. (Canada)For Hallengren, a writer for the Nobel Foundation, who in any case wrote an expression that features the Nobel Prize worthy works of Hemingway, Hemingways writing style may be labeled as hard-boiled. The hard-boiled style was attributed to the particular era in which Hemi ngway lived most of his life as journalist and a novelist. This particular style was described as an inhuman, unsympathetic, and callous way of expressing views and opinions, which led the term to symbolize how pieces of writings that are direct and simple, perhaps rather frank and guileless, actually are. (Hallengren)In terms of the major themes that Hemingway uses to change integrity his thoughts and ideas in his literary works, his were identified to be focused on depicting the lives of two particular groups of people. The first group of people consists of individuals who have grown insensible, un niping, and callous, due to the various set in their lives that have caused them to lose their grip on the moral fiber that is supposed to rule or g overn society and experiences that also caused them to lose heart and consequently teaching them to fend for their personal interests instead. The other group of people are those who live to fight against various circumstances and experi ences that confront them.In general, the first group consists of frail or weak people who cannot seem to get past through trials and hardships and refuse to reflexion them courageously. They surrender to circumstances, which footrace their strength and will to stay true to themselves and functional and valuable to the society that they live in. On the other hand, the second groups of people are those who are willing to toughen hard times out in order to emerge victorious in the end having been able to constitute something to themselves and the society. (Ernest Hemingway)The aforementioned major themes, which Hemingway combines to his novels, is evident in the three widely acclaimed novels A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls, and The Old Man and the Sea. Lieutenant Frederic henry (A Farewell to Arms), Santiago (The Old Man and the Sea), and Robert Jordan (For Whom the Bell Tolls), the protagonists in these three novels, qualify as individuals who represent those who figh t courageously and determinedly against unwanted or unfortunate circumstances in their lives that seem to confront their ability to control and manage such situations. However, at one transmit in their lives, they allowed themselves to be defeated by the difficulties, challenges, and dilemmas that they cannot seem to overcome.Lieutenant Frederic atomic number 1 served for the Italian Army during the offset World War. Like what most people expect of uniformed individuals who work for the military, he was described as callous and insensitive in carrying out his duties and responsibilities. As the war progresses and the Italian Army was slowly result to their demise, the s sr.iers who fought in the war started to feel how the world is crumbling down around them. Fear, uneasiness, and aggravation of what is to come since the defeat of the Italian Army were the main catalysts for Henrys display of needless violence and betrayal. (Hemingway)Santiago was an experienced fisherman. He b elieves in his skills and abilities as a fisherman and takes pride in his perception of his success. However, his self-assurance and pride is bust by his failure of catching fish within the eighty-four days that he has set off to sea. He became the butt of all jokes in their village and from this unfortunate situation, he began to feel and endure the struggles and difficulties that challenge his ability to believe in himself and to appreciate the purpose or meaning of his life at an old age. (Hemingway)Robert Jordan was an American working as a professor in one of the universities in the United States. It was during the time of the Spanish war when he decided to enlist for the Republican faction of the war. Jordans motivations to put his life at risk were his belief of the purpose or cause of fighting for the stand and convictions of the Republican side of the Spanish war that is to fight against fascism. Jordan was assigned a bold and dangerous task that is to detonate explosives to rid of a bridge utilized for transport by the Fascist camp that will consequently service the Republican side to get ahead of their game, which leads him to a series of circumstances and experiences that opens his eyes to the reality of the implications of the war. (Hemingway)The situations that the protagonists in Hemingways novels find themselves in symbolizes the various personal struggles, difficulties, and challenges that individuals face everyday and the corresponding responses that people choose to act on in order to resolve them.For Henry, it was fear and the unpredictability of war that led him to feel at war with himself and the situation that he finds himself in for Santiago, it was his loss of self-assurance that left him questioning himself as a person and for Jordan, it was the question of whether the cause that he supports is something that he really believes in. I believe that these particular situations are explicitly revealed within the novels. These situati ons are set under the context personal conflicts that all individuals face each and every day of their lives, if not at one point of their lives wherein they have no choice but to endure the results or consequences of unfortunate situations.In each situation, the protagonists were shaken by the circumstances that creates a moral or ethical imbalance within themselves, stirring their values, beliefs, and personal constructs. These particular situations represent what was aforementioned of the two groups of people that constitute the major theme of Hemingways novel. At one point in each novel, the protagonist smooths under the construct of the first group of individuals who cannot seem to get over the difficulties and challenges that they experience.This seems to go on during the primary parts of the novel. However, on the latter parts, Hemingways motif seems to change to incorporate the characteristics described for the second group of people who decides to fight courageously in ord er to resolve problems and difficulties or to undo the faults or mistakes that they did due to their inability to get past their personal or moral struggles. (Meyers, 35-36) some other theme or motif, as aforementioned, is the concept of love, acceptance, and sacrifice as the only way for redemption. Both Henry and Jordan fell in love with a women, which have led them to rethink all the singular inside information and situations that resulted to their dilemma. It seemed that loving allowed them to feel emotively and passionately about their real purpose, leading them to know what they should do in order to resolve their dilemmas. For Henry, it was his decision to leave the army, and for Jordan, it was his decision to make a sacrifice in order to prove to prove to himself the reason for his enlisting in the Republican side of the war. Santiago, on the other hand, redeemed his failures by being at peace with himself and accepting that situation that he was in at that point. (Hemingway )Overall, in canvass the three novels of Hemingway, we arrive at the conclusion that although they were set in three different situations, subject to various struggles and difficulties, the central theme boils down to the personal struggles and moral dilemmas that allows individuals to commit mistakes and question themselves. However, in the end, love, acceptance, and sacrifice will always redeem us and will finally help us in letting everything fall into the right places at the right time.

American History Essay Example for Free

American History EssayFrom 1880 to 1890 farmers had to endure many hardships. For example, food prices were decreasing, which meant farmers had to produce more crops and borrow more money from the banks. The banks then charged high inte napingness rates for loans to farmers. In addition, rail road shipping rates were increasing, farm machinery was e genuinely expensive, the farmers were iso after-hoursd from the rest of the country, and they felt that they had an unresponsive government. The farmers believed that the deflating currency and the governments failure to regulate the banks and squeeze companies were the two main sources for their problems. Food prices were at incredibly low prices when the 1880s began. This led to farmers having to grow more crops, but as Causes of Agricultural upheaval shows, this only helped to further decrease food prices. Unfortunately, the farmers could non just produce less and wait for prices to addition because they didnt have the time to wait for prices to increase. The farmers believed that deflation was the cause of the food prices dropping. According to the United Sates government data, the farmers had a very valid point.Between 1865 and 1895 the population of the United States almost doubled, while the money in circulation in 1880 was unconstipated less than in 1865. The farmers solution to the deflation was an increase in cheap money, which is also cognise as liquid coinage. However, the Republican party had conservative ideas and wanted to keep the gold standard. So the farmers created the radical, agrarian party known as the Populist party. As shown in The platform of the Peoples party, the Populists believed in increasing silver to help the farmers.And although the Populists muzzy the election. no one remembers the Acceptance lyric of William McKinley. The American people remember W. J. Bryans Cross of Gold speech and his ideas of silver coinage. As the number of crops farmers had to produce increased , so did the amount of money the farmers had to barrow from the banks. In reaction to the increasing number of loans, the banks charged very high interest rates. These high interest hurt the ugly farmers even more and often the farmers could not repay the banks.The Farmers Voice depicts hundreds of impoverished farmers in shackles, being taken to the court house because they could not pay their farm mortgages from the bank. The late 19th century was filled with governmental corruption and the political machine was created. In most cases, state machines were republican and favored big businesses. When railroad companies decided to increase short haul rates and decrease long haul rates, the government was not upset because the long hall rates were great for big businesses and only hurt farmers.In the good word of George W. Parker the corruption is evident in his statement There is a decided distinction between topical anaesthetic and through business different rules and practic es apply to them. In The Octopus, one can see the harsh personal effects of the higher short haul rates on farmers. Overall, farmers had every right to be upset during the late 19th century. Their complaints about the deflation and unregulated railroad rates were valid and clearly the cause of their suffering.

Chemistry of Anti-money Counterfeiting Technology Essay Example for Free

Chemistry of Anti-m angiotensin converting enzymey Counterfeiting Technology EssayI. AbstractCounterfeiting gold is a big business for criminals. nearly $70 million of fake currency gets used daily, costing consumers millions. In the present day, there be many peeled technologies that comport been discove passing and studied in order to help put counterfeiters step to the fore of business. Our currency is something that we must protect, which is why these technologies and discoveries ar very important in the safety and development of our economy. The new generation of Filipino banknotes includes new and more advanced technology to ensure the safety of the genuine Philippine banknotes. This is to prevent m nonpargonily counterfeiting in our country. These new features include more advanced photo editing, which features micro mental picture on the different images and texts on the banknotes, a strange rough texture, a new system of series numbering, advanced aegis fibe rs and security wander, watermark technology, and optically variable sign. These are the most advanced and effective methods of preventing money counterfeiting today. Provided in this newspaper publisher is a detailed explanation and description of each security sentry duty and a detailed review of the methods used to execute them.II. Denominations of CurrencyThe new generation Philippine banknotes composes of the denominations twenty, fifty, one hundred, twain hundred, five hundred, and one thousand peso bills. The new twenty-piso bill honors chair Manuel L. Quezon, the first President of the Republic of the Philippines on the front of the bill while the snarf shows the image of the breathtaking Banaue Rice Teraces and the typewriter ribbon Civet from the Cordilleras. The fifty-piso bill commemorates President Sergio Osmea who led our country at the critical stage of humans War II. The antonym shows an image of the Taal Lake, one of the worlds smallest active volcanoes an d the Maliputo Fish. The one hundred-piso bill pays support to President Manuel Roxas who prioritized the crafting of the telephone exchange Bank charter then provided the leadership for the reconstruction of our country after the ravaging of the Second World War. On the reverse, the near perfect cone-shaped Mayon Volcano and the Butanding or Whale chisel is also featured.The two hundred-piso bill features President Diosdado Macapagal who restored the celebration of Philippine independence on June 12. The reverse features the unique icon of Bohol, the Chocolate Hills and the Tarsier. The five hundred-piso bill is a salute to the champions of Philippine democracy, Senator Benigno Aquino Jr. and President Corazon Aquino. The reverse features the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park. Finally, the one thousand-piso bill features three of our war heroes, Chief Justice Jose Abad Santos, Josefa Llanes Escoda, and General Vicente P. Lim. The reverse features the Tubbataha Re efs National Marine Park and the world famous South Sea osseous tissue.Figure 1The money denominations come in specific color schemes of orange for the twenty-piso bill, red for the fifty-piso bill, violet for the one hundred-piso bill, green for the two hundred-piso bill, yellow for the five hundred-piso bill, and colored for the one thousand-piso bill.III. Security FeaturesThe Philippine Banknote or the Philippine peso Bill finds the need to be current with the use of new technology to enhance the security of banknotes to perch unaccepted to replicate by criminals. The new generation Philippine banknotes incorporates the latest available technology in banknote security. This is the reason that they have developed new designs and upgraded the security features of all our banknotes.A. Photo EditingThe Central bank of the Philippines uses a special photo editing software to ensure specific prints that are impossible to copy by criminals. Some of these specifications include nano prints on the images, lines, and words on the banknotes.B. TextureThe note is not smooth to the touch, scarce a bit rough. This is because the bank notes are made of 80% cotton and 20% Philippine Abaca. Aside from that, the raised prints that are embossing from the Intaglio printing process give the bill a unique tactile feel. Intaglio printing is a printing technique in which the image is etched into a surface. Normally, copper (Cu) or zinc (Zn) are used, and the incisions are created by etching ot engraving the image. In printing, the surface is covered in ink and then rubbed vigourously with tartalan cloth or newspaper to remove ink from the surface, leaving it in theincisions. The very sharp printing obtained from the intaglio process is hard to imitate by other means. Intaglio also allows for the creation of latent images, which are only visible when the document is viewed at a very shallow angle.Figure 2C. Serial NumbersThe serial numbers are composed of one or two prefix le tters and six to seven digits in noninterchangeable or increasing size. Serial numbers are not difficult to forge yet they harbor banknotes easier to track and audit.Figure 3D. Security FibersThe paper used to print our currency has particular threads of fibers embedded into the paper. These red and blue fibers glisten under ultraviolet light. If the bill has no red and blue fibers that glow, then it is probably a fake bill. Fluorescent marks are the invisible phosphor dyes on banknotes that glow under UV or blacklight. This glow bequeath be visible under a money detector device. thither are two kinds of security fibers. The first one is the visible security fibers. These are soft seen in current Philippine banknotes as the blue and red fibers that are randomly bypass throughout the front and back of the paper. The other kind is the invisible security fiber. These glow a fluorescent yellow under ultraviolet light. Genuine security fibers in Philippine banknotes can be easily plucked out (yes, try it) with the aid of a needle. Counterfeit money usually only prints the fibers on paper, thus they cannot be plucked out.Figure 4E. WatermarksThe watermark shows a shadowed image of the depiction and the banknotes denomination on the blank space when viewed against the light from either side of the bill. This is possible due to paper density variations.Figure 5The word Pilipino, written in our ancient Filipino alphabet, Baybayin, can be seen in its complete form when the banknote is viewed against the light.F. Concealed ValueWhen the banknote is rotated at a 45-degree angle and tilted downwards, we can see the concealed denominational value super imposed on the smaller version of the portrait.Figure 7G. Security ThreadsBoth the twenty-piso and the fifty-piso have a 2mm all-inclusive security thread that can be visible when viewed against the light. The one hundred, two hundred, five hundred, and one thousand-piso bills have a 4mm wide stich-like security thre ad embedded on the bill and when viewed from different angles, its color changes from red to green. The embedded security thread is a special thread vertically implanted off inwardness of the note during the manufacture of the banknote paper.The front of the thread carries a clear text the initials of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) and the numeric denomination of the bank note. The back of the thread is also printed with the initials BSP. There are two kinds of security threads. angiotensin-converting enzyme is a thin aluminum (Al) coated and partly demutualized polyester film thread with microprinting, which is embedded in the security paper as banknote or passport paper. The other kind of security thread is the unity or multicolor sewing thread made from cotton or synthetic fibers, mostly UV fluorescent, for the bookbinding of passport booklets.Figure 8H. Optically Variable Device PatchThe five hundred-piso bill and the one thousand-piso bill have the optically variable device patch, a reflective foil. For the five hundred-piso bill, it reveals the small BSP (Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas) logo and the blue parrot, while the one thousand-piso bill reveals the small BSP logo and the South Sea Pearl inside a clam. The patches change color from red to green when the note is rotated 90-degrees.Figure 9I. Optically Variable InkA security feature exclusive to the one thousand-piso note is the optically variable ink for the embossed denomination value on the lower right corner on the face of the banknote, which changes color from green to blue when it is viewed in different angles. Color changing inks are inks containing iridescent pigments that change color when viewed at a different angle. The color of the ink does not actually change, but the angle of the light to the viewers eye changes and thus creates the change in color.A number of types are available, including green to purple, gold to green and green to lilac. Optically variable inks (OVI) are ver y expensive inks employ on banknotes as a security feature. So far, only the 1000 peso bills have this. There are two versions of OVI printing on the 1000 peso banknotes. This is an excellent security feature because counterfeiters will need a lot of effort and money to replicate it. They are called optically variable inks because tiny flakes of color-shifting film are incorporated in the intaglio ink. Thus, prints of OVI change color when viewed from different angles.

Implementation of Supply Chain Management Essay Example for Free

executing of Supply Chain Management EssaySupply filament management is an oversight of processes when moving goods from the submit of customer order to the raw material percentage point and it includes the come out, production and distribution of products to the customer. Every organization has append chain of different levels, depending upon their size and type of product they ar manufacturing. Their aim is to provide the customer with copious information necessary to give the value that they demand and to gain the information regarding the customer too. The ultimate finale for any supply chain management is to reduce its inventory.For a successful supply chain, software systems are provided with web interfaces to provide the customer with enough information they demand. Hershey Foods Corporation and NIKE inc. are both very known organizations, star known for its food products and the other for athletic footwear, equipment and accessories for sports and fitness acti vities. Both of these organizations adopted supply chain management systems in order to lower down their inventories and to increase their profit. But both of them failed in achieving their design which was to reduce the inventories.The main mistake made by Hershey Food Corporation was, that they hired a supply chain system costing $112 million from SAP AG, Manugistics, and Siebel systems. The supply chain system was supposed to launch in data of everything from production to delivery. But getting software from three different providers created unpredicted delays and interlacing problems in implementation. Also, other mistake made by the organization was that they implemented the whole system at once instead of in stages. So therefore they faced problems in placing the orders and then executing them to warehouse for fulfillment.The problem faced by NIKE, inc. was a bit more tortuous, as said by 12 technologies marketing Chief Katrina Roche NIKE problems were not tied to the sof tware but to the way the software was installed. (Sridharan, Caines, Patterson, 2005) Moreover he says that his company accepts the responsibility for not being more aggressive in telling them that they needed to see our implementation methodological analysis. (Sridharan, Caines, Patterson, 2005) 12 technologies wanted to track each and every little product of NIKE which made the product line more complex and therefore it took their time more than they had expected.The NIKE people made the same mistake as Hershey foods, that they implemented the system before they were ready to execute it. (Sridharan, Caines, Patterson, 2005) So overall at initial stage supply chain systems were a bad experience for Hershey Foods and NIKE, Inc. There are certain things which if the company would form followed then hopefully the things must have been the other way round. First of all only iodin supply chain system provider must be hired for the software, as more than one supply chain systems for same job results in failure.Then providers implementation methodology is very important for client to follow in supply chain systems especially when they are special to suit clients requirement. More over supply chain systems are very complex as they have to track over numbers of product varieties so therefore it must be implemented in stages rather than executing it at once. And if the company is switching from one system to another then first the system should be tested in order to check whether it is fulfilling the companys requirements or not. ?

The Island of Human Nature Essay Example for Free

The Island of Hu populace Nature EssayWhen Lord of the Flies was first released, William Golding described the novels theme in a publicity questionnaire as an attempt to trace the defects of hostelry back to the defects of valet beings character. (Kennard) Since the island is a microcosm, Golding uses it to job our existence and give comments on it and his view of human nature. In the novel a group of children argon stranded on an island when their plane crashes. The freedom of having no parents while living in a society that does not enforce rules and laws are eliminated. In this novel William Golding uses the objects, characters, and setting show that what happened in the story is however not a story they help prove the authors belief that humankind is savage. from each one character signifies an important idea or theme from our world, and the statement he makes just about human nature is that mankind will turn savage for supremacy. As the novel is an on the wholeeg ory, each character is symbolized clearly as someone in our society. Piggy could think. He could go step by step inside that copious head of his, only Piggy was no chief. But Piggy, for all his ludicrous body, had brains (Golding, 71). Piggy is the scientific and noetic aspect of society. He is a thinker, philosopher and someone who al authoritys advises for good. Similarities to Albert Einstein can likewise be seen in Piggy, because people did not care that he thought the atomic bomb was a bad gun just like no one cared about what Piggy said or did. Another chief(prenominal) character, Ralph, is like Franklin Roosevelt, who could not stop World War Two from breaking out. He signifies the confused that are always uncertain in the recognition between good and sinfulness The failure of the island society comes about because of an innate tendency towards violence in the boys.Golding is, then, in opposition to the romantic notion of noble primitives learned the distinction betwee n good and evil. Human beingnesss are not innately innocent, so human come along is unlikely. (Kennard) When the kids on the island are confronted with a choice between reasons civilizing influence and animalitys self-indulgent savagery, they choose to abandon the determine of the civilization that Ralph represents. Ralph in Lord of the Flies also represents democracy and is responsible.He is the politician who relies on companionable order and government, and his political failures show that he cannot oppress the evil within the other boys. One of the just about influential boys whose evil Ralph cannot control is zany. jack is a symbol of Adolph Hitler. He is a crazy attractor who killed many people because he wanted dominance. ?Like Hitler, Jack is a dictator he is ignorant. Jack is the hunter who is consumed by his own fear and the greater force of his own capacity for evil. Roger is dismantle worse than Jack, even though he is not like that from the beginning. He is si milar to Satan or even Dr.Mengele who was Hitlers worker and did horrific operations on people. Roger is cruel and has gone far beyond from being a savage because he purposely, with a sense of delirious abandonment, leaned all his weight on the lever, resulting in Piggys death. Struggles between moral conscience and a heart of darkness are symbolized in the conflict between Ralph and Jack. That also represents the struggle between the forces of civilization and anarchy. The tussle between Jack and Ralph for leadership is the allegory of our political leaders who always fight and kill for the sake of control.In the same way that the way the boys are being lead astray by Jack, the leaders of our world take reinforcement of the masses. The impulses and the behavior of the boys are those of adults. Like adults, he boys realize that the only way that they will keep everyone animate and safe is through rule, yet the frustration of living apart from society tempts many boys to unleash t he evil inside them. At last, when no one follows order anymore, the boys hand themselves to bestiality and surviving becomes a fighting in between the two tribes.This same choice is made constantly all over the world, all throughout history the source of the grief Golding sought to convey. Lord of the Flies is concerned with the fall of man to savagery with the loss of innocence. (Kennard) He places supposedly innocent schoolboys in the protected environment of an uninhabited tropic island to illustrate the point that barbarity is not confined to certain people in particular environments moreover exists in everyone. William Golding shows that the smallest boys acting out, in innocence, is the same as the cruel desire for mastery shown by Jack and his tribe while hunting pigs.The adults waging the war that stranded the boys on the island in the first place are also enacting the desire to rule others. Many aspects of Lord of the Flies can symbolize the struggle for command. Our world is very fertile like the island, but in their ambition to get the supremacy the leaders supplant this world just like the boys who burn the whole island to ashes without realizing that they are destroying their own means of survival. The division of the boys in litluns and biguns is the allegory of the classes in our world.Litluns symbolize the common people, while the biguns are the metaphor of the ruling, powerful and political classes. The island on which the boys find themselves is allegorically our world in miniature. Lord of the Flies was driven by Goldings consideration of human evil, a complex topic that involves an examination not only of human nature but also the causes, effects, and manifestations of evil. Each character signifies an important idea or theme from our world, and the statement he makes about human nature is that mankind will turn savage for supremacy. Golding addresses these topics through the intricate allegory of his novel.

Traditional Business Concepts Essay Example for Free

Traditional Business Concepts EssayBusiness concepts of marketing and economics have proven to be valuable to the success of many business organizations. This is due to the fact that business concepts know the techniques of understanding and grasp out to clients. Thus, it is useful to integrate some of these concepts into the health care industry, with the aim of nurture improving the delivery of healthcare services. Understanding and application of economic concepts to healthcare are useful in solving many of the controversies in the field. Healthcare is an aspect of government that is always on crisis. For example, wholeness recurring crisis in healthcare is the wide piece of population that is uninsured. This crisis could be better understood and addresses through the application of the economic concept of demand.Thus, the number of people who wants healthcare coverage change magnitudes because they want to be healthy (Drummond, 2001). Moreover, there is a corresponding increase in incomes and improvements in medical technology, which affect their expectations on healthcare coverage. Since this understanding gives insight to the reason for change magnitude demand for healthcare, healthcare organizations would have a better starting point when dealing with their clients, thereby further increasing the care with which they deal with the latter. Another important business concept that could aid healthcare organizations is node Relationship Marketing (CRM), which helps organizations manage their customers. CRM is useful because it would allow healthcare organizations to ensure that they could access customer info at any point and at any time within the organization. Having information at ones fingertips would, without a doubt, help healthcare organizations personalize their services according to the specific needs of their clients. Thus, slice CRM is initially a business concept, it would not reduce the caring aspect of healthcare organizations (G arca-Murillo Annabi, 2002).ReferencesDrummond, M. (2001). The Use of sparing Evidence by HealthCare Decision Makers. The European Journal of Health Economics 2(1), 2-3Garca-Murillo, M. Annabi, H. (2002). Customer familiarity Management. The Journal of the Operational Research Society 53(8), 875-884

My ideal place Essay Example for Free

My ideal present EssayEvery person has some peculiar(a) place, where he or she feels the most comfortable and happy. My ideal place is football issue of my high school. Being a member of our high school football team I unendingly spend a pass out of time on that point when participating in our trainings and playing games. I truly enjoy this dynamic practise, and there is nothing better for me than playing football with my good friends and feeling myself-importance as a member of the team. This is the place where I can fulfill myself the best, and this makes me feel great. Our football playground is amazingIt is absolutely not worth(predicate) than the ones for professional NFL teams. The field is very large, comfortable and perfectly cared about by our high school personnel, so the grass is always in good condition and everywhere is very clean. There are special seats for those, who want to see and enjoy our games. We arrive very good equipment for the games and trainin gs balls and our personal kits of yellow-blue colors. During our daily trainings our instruct makes us to do different things. We do a lot of special physical exercises and drills, as thoroughly as having some theoretical lectures and consultations.As a rule, quite a lot of people earn for the games to support our team our friends, parents, teachers and other spectators. Many of them hold our small yellow-blue flags and applaud for the best players of the team. By the way, we have a group of beautiful cheer girls, who always accompany us at the games. It is incredible charge to appear in front of our audience and receive from them a huge doze of positive force for good performance. I always try to catch a second before the game begins, to take hold of the skies for a moment and to take a deep breath of tonic fresh air.The football field of my high school is ideal place for me, because I truly like playing this game. I accept that it will become my real life-long dedication Fo otball is not only physical activity, but it is always a challenge. We like to play and to win, and we always enjoy our accomplishments together. During the trainings and playing games every one of us learns, how to be a member of the team, and together we learn how to deal with the things as a team. I think that this activity is very important for my future, because it improves both my social image and self-esteem. It helps to gain self-control over my physical self and mental self.

Distribution decisions Essay Example for Free

dispersion decisions EssayThe tutorial about distribution decisions deals mainly with establishing an effective and efficient system that will fall in the products accessible to the market. It teaches the different channels of distribution including the process of ordering, handling and shipping, storage, display, promotion, selling, and reading feedback. The channels include resellers, posture avail firms who atomic number 18 important although a little costly. There are two kinds of channel arrangements freelance (no binding relationship), and dependent (has binding relationship).Also, there are three kinds of distribution systems direct distribution systems, validatory distribution systems, and multi-channel hybrid systems. The tutorial besides warns of the issues in establishing channel relationships such as delivery, profit margins, separate incentives, packaging, training, and promotional help. The tutorial on retailing examines retailers as a type of resellers of a product to consumers who only want to buy in small quantities. Their main concerns are client satisfaction, ability to acquire the accountability products, product presentations, traffic building, layout, location, and keeping pace with technology.Retailers are categorized in many ways include in the tutorial are target markets served (mass, military strength, exclusive market), product offerings (general, multiple lines specialty, single line specialty merchandiser), pricing strategy (discount, competitive, full price pricing), promotional focus (advertising, direct mail, personal selling), distribution rule (store-based which can be stand-alone, strip-shopping center, shopping area, and regional shopping mall and non-store sellers which can be online sellers, direct marketers, and vending), service level (self, assorted, full service), and ownership structures (individually owned, corporate chain, corporate structure, contractually licensed). There are also a variety of r etail formats which are mom-and pop, mass discounters, warehouse stores, category killers, department stores, boutique, catalog retailers, e-tailers, franchise, convenience store, and vending. In wholesaling, the sellers sell in bulk to their consumers.Their main concern involves disinter-mediation, facility location, transportation costs, adapting to new technologies, and offering non-product assistance. They are categorized according to products carried (general and specialty merchandise), promotional activities (extensive and limited promotion), distribution (stationary location with customer and not customer accessible and non-stationary location with mobile and no facilities), service level (full, limited, and no service), and product ownership (do engender and do not take title). Wholesale formats consist of general and specialty merchandise, contractual, industrial distributors, cash-and-carry, truck, rack jobber, slaver shipper, broker, and agent.In managing product movem ent, three tasks are important which have a cost-service tradeoff ordering and document management, product storage, and transportation. Ordering and inventory have to be managed by considering order entry and processing, demand forecasting, customer knowledge, channel relationship, physical product handling, storage and transportation. The tutorial is effective in a sense that it takes the pupil through a step by step process in understanding the definitions of terms, what the different topics are about, and gives the learner an idea on how to apply the process in genuinely market situations. The tutorial is also effective because it is simple and easy to understand. It also breaks down complicated topics and lays them out in an easy-to-understand manner.The only line with the tutorial is that it lacked examples of real life situations to which the approaches were used, especially since examples often makes everything clearer and makes the whole presentation have more real lif e applications and not just theoretical things that can be skipped In the issues in information and IS, information exchange and communication is very valuable between the company and their distributors. Any decision by marketing should be communicated internally in production. The IT manager is to integrate the communication among production, marketing and distributors to streamline everything. A forward-looking tracking of orders and products is also necessary among them.

Is Animal Testing Really Necessary Essay Example for Free

Is Animal Testing actually Necessary EssayAnimal test is a phrase that most mint suck comprehend but atomic number 18 perhaps equable unsure of exactly what is involved. Whether it is referred to as wight exam, savage experiment or animate be search, it means the experimentation carried out on brutes. Experimental beast testing has been maven of the steepest debated issues for some(prenominal) years. Animal testing is employ for numerous products and applications. Everything from toiletries to medications has likely been well-tried on animals at or so point prior to their distribution (Murnaghan). Animal testing can be conducted allwhere from a university to a military defense establishment, wherever there is a need for testing a product. Products to be tested will range from cosmetics to pesticides and anything in- in the midst of. Animal testing has been around for over 500 years, since the early 17th century, though testing for cosmetic purposes did not start until the 1930s. Animal testing has been highly debated for many years for whether it is moral, ethical, humane, objurgate, wrong, just, fair, etcetera. umpteen people stand against animal testing because they feel that it is unfair treatment to animals since animals do not have a say in the matter. On the another(prenominal) font of the cable, people fight for animal testing because it allows for prescription drugs and medicines to be tested. Both sides have their valid points, animal testing can be seen as cruel, especially when there ar alternatives that can be used, but also, even with alternatives, testing on animals is still sometimes necessary in aver to get the needed terminations.In a debate between Laurie Pycroft, one of the founders of Pro-Test, and Helen Marston, head of Humane Research Australia, the devil go back and forth active animal testing and its potential alternatives. Pycroft starts out the debate by explaining the complexity of the human body an d how no fact-finding tool can fully replicate the intricacy of a living organism (Pycroft). Marston returns fire by talking astir(predicate) why animals atomic number 18 not good models for human medicine. She makes the point that animals atomic number 18 anatomically, genetically, and metabolically unalike from humans (Pycroft).Pycroft continues to bring up different examples of how using animals for inquiry has helped make medical advances for humans, maculation Marston seems to continue to revolve around the same idea of there being alternatives, but she does not genuinely expand on any one topic, just that there ar alternatives. Thomas Hartung talks about the alternatives to animal testing. One of the things Hartung mentions is an experiment done in 2006, when the TeGenero anti-CD28 antibody, after testing safe at 500-times high concentrations in monkeys, it still led to multiple organ failure within hours in six human volunteers (Hartung).Thus, providing an argument against animal testing because sometimes, even when animal testing provides positive results, it does not mean that the same result will be present when human trials are done. Many people believe that animal testing is only about testing cosmetics or forward-looking drug therapies, however, there are many different uses for animal testing, and Timothy Musch et al discuss some of those uses. Animal studies play a part in the initial development of candidate drugs, and the development and testing of medical devices and surgical procedures.Even more crucial, animal research informs clinical research by building the foundation of biological knowledge (Musch et al). There are so many things that the testing of animals can help to improve. Some things, such as the development of insulin, antibiotics, vaccines, and drugs with high mortality rates, are all because of high contribution from animal testing (Murnaghan). On the flip side though, Alison Abbott points out, Every time you reach f or an eye drop or reapply a lip salve, you do so confident that the chemicals they contain are safe to use.But the toxicology test on which regulators rely to gather this instruction are stuck in a time warp, and are largely based on wasteful and a skunk poorly predictive animal experiments (Abbott). Abbott talks about a legislation called REACH (Registration, Evaluation and liberty of Chemicals) and how it planned to make registration mandatory for both future and existing chemicals even those that have been on the market for decades (Abbott). As a result of reach, it was expected that megs more animals would be used in tell to meet the necessary requirements. 5,000 animals that is up to how many test subjects could be used for each chemical if it is a pesticide that number jumps to 12,000. The estimated cost of running these tests on the unregistered (approximately 30,000) chemicals is between 5 billion (US$6 billion) and 10 billion (US$13 billion) (Abbott). In order to te st one single chemical for cancer cause potential, it takes five years, involves 400 rats (each of which is treated with the maximum tolerated dose), and more than 50% of the results are positive, even worse, of that 50%, 90% are false positives (Abbott).In looking more at the argumentative side, there are two general views in favor of animal testing or against animal testing. Many people topple towards being against animal testing because they feel it is cruel, inhumane, and unfair to the animals. Now on the other hand, a lot of people are in favor of animal testing because it helps to test medicines, medical procedures and other necessities. Animals do not have a voice of their own they need people to speak for them, to fight for them, and to nourish them.Many companies, while attempting to verify their products are safe for humans, will perform various tests on animals. Animals are used for testing a wide variety of chemicals and products such as drugs, vaccines, cosmetics, ho usehold cleaners, and pesticides. As written by Delmas Luedke, Animals are exposed to too much suffering especially when there are many alternatives to testing on animals (Animals and Research). If there are alternatives for research, why test on animals? There are new alternatives being created, such as realistic software package models. The first realistic software models of human and animal organs are starting to emerge potentially replacing some of the 50 to 100 million animals used each year for scientific research (Biever). With different types of software emerging, it is very possible for other software to be produced in future years and animal tests could be completely replaced. When doing medical, cosmetic, or any other type of research, animals should not be used or abused because it is cruel and harmful to the animals being used for testing.On the opposing side, some people believe that it is okay to harm animals in order to discover cures and generate medicines, altho ugh animal testing can lead to antibiotics, vaccines, and other treatments being produced, there are other ways that those same products could be produced without harming animals. According to Cynthia Pekow, Although polls say that most Americans accept that research animals are needed to advance medical science, many people feel straightlaced thinking about animals used in experimentation(Animals in Research).People do not feel squeamish because their medicines are being tested on animals they are squeamish because animals are being harmed in the process. patch good things have come from testing on animals, it is just not worth the pain and twist that they are put through. One indicate why testing on animals should be illegal is because it is a cruel and inhumane way to do research, and it is unfair because animals have no voice of their own. Jackie Powder states that, It was a furor over the alleged mistreatment of rabbits by a cosmetics giant that set the stage for the creat ion of the aggregate for Alternatives to Animal Testing (Powder).CAAT works with scientists, government regulators, and other advocates to identify alternatives to the use of animals in testing thousands of chemicals. earthly concern are capable of giving their consent in order to be tested on, while animals are not. Animals have no voice of their own to speak with. They cannot tell anyone when something hurts they cannot tell anyone when something does not feel right they cannot tell anyone if they do not want to participate in the testing anymore. A second reason for not testing on animals is because there is no moral reason to test on animals when the results whitethorn not even be accurate.There have also been many alternatives that have proven to be more accurate than using animals. Using animals is unreliable and inaccurate because of great differences between animals and humans. Non-animal tests take less(prenominal) time to complete, cost only a fraction of what the animal experiments the non-animal tests replace costs, and are not overwhelmed with species mixture that make inferring results difficult or impossible (Stop the use, ). Virtual models, such as the ones at Insilicomed in Lo Jolla, California, are being created. At Insilicomed they are using a virtual heart to simulate the interaction between the organ and a pacemaker, on behalf of a manufacturer. The device is initially tested in both animals and software to ensure that the models accurately replicating what happens in real life, but subsequent test to refine the properties the pacemakers leads are done in software alone (Biever). With these models being produced, less animals will be used in experiments. Whenever there is a chance to replace animal tests, those chances should be pursued so that fewer animals will be used.On the alternative side of the argument, there are multiple reasons why animal testing is a good thing. For starters, animal testing has helped to create many of the m edicines in our world. The kinds of benefits from animal research that researchers have made in understanding and treating diseases would not have been possible without animal research. Many people argue about how it is cruel and inhumane to animals well would they rather it was humans being tested? possibly they would like to send their brother or sister in for experimental testing? While animal testing may seem cruel, the hypothetical alternative is even worse.Scientists are attempting to develop worthy alternatives to testing on animals, but some things are not quite as easy to come up with an alternative. Both sides of the argument have very good points, however, despite the fact that it can be seen as cruel and inhumane to the animals (from a persons perspective), animal testing is, at this point in time, a necessity. There are many drugs and medical procedures that may not be here directly if it were not for animal testing. Testing on animals may be inhumane to them, but it is better to be inhumane to an animal than to a human.

Heat combustion of Alcohol Essay Example for Free

Heat conflagration of intoxicant EssayBackground InformationAlcohols are used as a source of fuel in many countries. For it to turn into fuel, alcohol must be burnt. Alcohol is also a good clean source of energy and heat. In this experiment I volition be trying to find aside the amount of energy produced when contrary alcohols are burned.In this experiment, the character reference of alcohol allow be tested is Ethanol. Ethanol is a colourless liquid and is sometimes referred only if as alcohol or inwardnesss. Carbon chains with a hydroxide molecule at the balance of the chain make up an alcohol. Ethanol is a straight-chain alcohol and its molecular conventionalism is C2H5OH. Its empirical formula however is C2H6OThe heat of combustion of any substance is the amount of heat energy given out when 1 mole of that substance burns completely in air. Every covalent bond live in the molecule has a bond energy. This bond energy is the amount of energy needed to short-circuit the bond or the amount of energy given out as a bond is formed. absorption of an alcohol is related to the number of moles per decimetre cubed of the substance. The more concentrated the substance the more the substance will burn thus more heat energy is given out.Research QuestionWill increase the concentration of ethanol affect the heat of combustion of the alcohol?HypothesisIt is hypothesised that increasing the concentration of ethanol will increase the heat of combustion of the alcohol.VariablesIndependentThe concentration of ethanol ( hoagy)* 0.5 submarine ethanol* 1.0 Molar ethanol* 1.5 Molar ethanol* 2.0 Molar ethanol* 2.5 Molar ethanolDependent* Heat combustion of the alcohol (C)ControlledWhat will be controlledHow it will be controlledMethod of taking the temperature of waterThe thermometer will be placed in the middle of the conic flask and the tip of the thermometer will be touching the derriere of the flask.The conditions of the surrounding areaThe experiment wil l be carried out in standard lab conditions. fend off contamination and residue to the next experiment when using the thermometerDistilled water will be used to exhaustively clean out the equipments before experiment. Equipments will not be reused for the next experiments.MethodDrawing up data tablesMolar of EthanolTrials sign temp(C)Final temp(C)Temp change(C)Initial mass(g)Final mass(g)Mass used(g)Qualitative entropyGetting apparatus induce1. Set up the electronic descale and attach the metal clamp to the retort stand2. utilise the label stickers and permanent pen, label the beakers that contain the different molar concentration of ethanol accordingly 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.53. check off the beaker containing water4. Using the distilled water, thoroughly clean out the conical flasks and measuring cylindersCarrying out experiment1. During the experiment, temper any smell or colour of alcohol and any observation in the Qualitative Data table2. Fill the conical flask with 100mL of water.3. Place the thermometer inside the conical flask and record the sign temperature of the water4. Keep the thermometer inside the conical flask5. Clamp the flask at a tallness approximately 2cm from where the spirit burner will be placed below6. Fill the spirit burner with just decent 0.5 Molar of ethanol so that the wick is half soaked in alcohol7. Weigh the spirit burner attached with the lid containing the alcohol and record the initial mass8. Place the spirit burner under the conical flask and use the matched to light the wick9. When the water temperature reaches approximately 40C, blow out and eliminate the flame10. Record the exact temperature reached when flames were extinguished11. Using the tongs, move the spirit burner and lid to the electronic scale and weigh the final mass12. Dispose the water and alcohol inside the spirit burner13. Repeat step 1 11, but change the type of ethanol in respect to independent variables 1.0 Molar, 1.5 Molar, 2.0 Molar and 2.5 Mol ar of ethanol14. When repeating steps 1 11, make sure a new conical flask and water is used and also a new spirit burner is used15. When all five experiments of the different molar concentration of ethanol is completed, repeat the experiment another two times for each molar concentration of ethanol in reference to the data tableCalculations1. Final temp Initial temp = Temp change (C)2. Final mass Initial mass = Mass used (g)

The Influence Of Thomas Reid In Philosophy And Psychology Philosophy Essay

The anyure Of doubting Thomas Reid In Philosophy And Psychology Philosophy EssayThis paper discusses how Thomas Reid was influential in psychology and philosophy. It talks about his sketchs and his gross sense philosophy. It discusses direct realism and his philosophical wit on the system of fuckledge. Reid is also comp bed with David Hume and his ideas of skepticism. John Locke and Berkeley are also menti live(a)shotd as influencing Reids philosophy. He rejects Humes arguments and publishes his hold contain about his own theories based on contradictions to Hume. He also gave lectures at different Universities that he worked at. both(prenominal) of these lectures appear in his essays that he produces in his seclusion. His common sense works show that we piece of ass apprehend the field accurately through our senses and figures with tribe are similar. And his essays talk about the debate and ideas that are not metaphysical in the world, and are real.Thomas Reid was a Scottish philosopher during the 18th century whose most(prenominal) famous contributions to the philosophy of intellect are his common sense works, his rational hypothecateing, and his criticisms of fellow British empiricists, particularly Hume. He defended the bringation of reasoning powers and influenced humansy other(a)s, including American thinkers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and faculty psychology.Thomas Reid was innate(p) on April 26, 1710. His father, Lewis Reid, was a r invariablyend for 58 years, and his mother, Margaret Gregory, lived a shorter life and died when Thomas was 22 in 1732. He came from a long line of intellectuals on both sides of the family that attended college. Reid had an experienceder bother, David, who was five-spot years unconnected and two younger sisters Isobel and Jane. He grew up in a country area in a valley in Strachan just outside of Aberdeen on the north-east side of Scotland. This area also was the hometown of Imman uel Kant, who was well-nigh other local philosophy celebrity during this measure period and had a few parallels with Reid (britannica, 2011).Reid started attended a flyspeck country school when he was ten years old, then transferred to Aberdeen Grammar aim, a higher and more than(prenominal) prestigious school, until 1722. He then leftfield to go to Marischal College at age twelve which was a norm in the area and time period. Reids granduncle, James Gregory, graduated college at the age Thomas started (Fraser, 1898).George Turnbull was Reids college philosophy professor for common chord years, and his influence had a large impact on Reid. Turnbull used practically of Berkeleys philosophy in his teachings this include his version of common sense coarse sense is sufficient to teach those who think of the matter with unassumingness and attention all the duties of common life all our obligations to God and our fellow-men all that is morally fit and book binding (Fraser, 18 98). This meant that the spiritual facts of the beware cannot be ignored because of facts seen in the visible world, and what we call matter are just sensible ideas that ejaculate from us personally. These teachings influenced indirectly by Berkeley played an important role in Reids life.Thomas Reid studied immortal from late 1726 to 1731 as per a requirement for the Church. This is matchless of the parallels with Kant and Reid they are both theologically trained. After his completion of theology, Reid found a logical argument as a librarian back at Marischal College in 1733, after his mothers death. Another Kant parallel was that he was a librarian after finishing college, but Kant got 10 y archaean epoch Reid completely got 9. While a librarian, Reids undergraduate friend and then genuine Professor of Mathematics at Marischal, Stewart, asked Reid to go him with on a tour of England in 1736. Other than this one particular instance, Reid, like Kant, did not travel far from h is home for the rest of his life (Fraser, 1898).After his job as a librarian, Reid was presented the position of pastoral charge of New Machar, a town near Aberdeen, upon his deliver home. This position was administrator of the church. There was a problem because of rural prejudice, which was influenced by a sermon in early 1737 by Rev. Bisset, which made Reid a victim to attacks and mistreatment when got ordained later that year. Because of this sermon Reid was attacked because he was rural and not from a big city. Those who fought against him would come to change their opinions after his fifteen years on that point, to where they would fork over fought for him when he went away (Fraser, 1898) .Thomas got married in 1740, to his cousin Elizabeth, who was his Uncle Dr. George Reids daughter. With her he had six daughters and three sons, and one of the five daughters born in New Machar, died at not regular(a) a year old. His married woman, in 1746, became critically ill and Reid s religious side came out in more or less of his manuscripts, showing his devotion to god and his wife in his writings. His wife lived through her sickness but Reid eventually outlived everyone except one daughter, including his children.When Thomas Reid was thirty-eight, a paper of his appeared in print called An Essay on Quantity. His 1748 paper revealed the attraction to mathematics that Reid had, using numeral reasoning with ratios to exempt moral philosophy. He argued that genuine ethical inquiry is concerned with a figure of facts which are under a higher category, and refuse to submit to geometrical measurement (Fraser, 1898). This cite of other scientific methods other than mathematics shows a change in thought for this time.Reids most known work in philosophy, but, would come from an more or less unnoticed book from London in 1739 by David Hume, who was exactly one year younger than Reid coincidentally. The Treatise of Human Nature by Hume would eventually make headl ines in shaping European thought and would give Reid an argument. Hume reasoned that thither should be a new system of sciences to prove that thither is neither tender-hearted nature nor science in the world, and that nothing can be true if you cannot logically reason from our senses. He believed that our impressions of our senses was exactly that, impressions which tended to be temporary and perceived differently from person to person, and therefore there cannot be rightfulness since impressions are not universal. He also went on to say that what we call world is alone felt impressions, that time is an illusion, and that the word identity is nothing since a person is nothing more than an idea at the moment. To sum it all up, yet current feelings exist in the universe.Reid took this as almost an insult. These ideas degraded our speech and communication to only abstract adjectives, because nouns and verbs dont truly exist. Because of this conclusion, we cannot travel by what d oesnt exist because you lean communicate only through adjectives. It was a philosophical suicide that gave us an unknown universe we couldnt trust, because the skeptics at this time were saying that nothing exists, like David Hume. Reid began his own theory from these insults, starting with our senses and focusing on numerical theory. The foundations of mathematical abstracts are in mathematical axioms, and so the foundations of all concrete reasoning are to be found in the rational constitution of perception through the five senses (Fraser, 1898). Forty years after that, Reid even went on to say that it was Hume that made him realize the faults of the Berkeley system that came from Descartes philosophy. He stated that what George Turnbull taught, gave me Reid more uneasiness than the urgency of a material world, and to question its foundation (Reid, 1785). Hume gave Reid an argument and showed him that he should create his own theory.Thomas Reid left New Machar in late 1751, wher e he became a regent master at Kings College in Aberdeen money box 1764. There he gave lectures, and the three-year regent tend was still imposed for philosophy. He gave lectures in natural memoir and physical science one year, mathematics and natural philosophy in another, and finally philosophy of the mind in the third year, where the same students were still under his teachings. So, he had three three-year classes which he taught 1753-56, 1756-59, 1759-62, plus the offset two years when he started. Under some examination of Reids lectures in the Natural Philosophy classes, it was shown that he was very much knowledge commensurate in physical sciences incorporating laws of motion, astronomy and electricity.Reid also brought changes and reform to the university. Teaching sessions were increase by two months, there was much better organization in Latin classes, and material sciences had to be a prerequisite to psychology and ethics, which was consistent with a mind naturally ob serving then reflecting upon its observations. He also created the Wise Club at Kings College, which was a small society for philosophical inquiry with his old friend Gregory. This club also influenced later Scottish philosophic literature. The meetings consisted of reading of personal short essays, as well as a question proposed before each meeting for discussion. It was mostly the skeptical theology that Hume talked about that gave the society discussion questions, and Reid went as far as writing If you write no more in morals, politics, and metaphysics, I am afraid we shall be at a loss for subjects in a letter to David Hume (Craig, 1998).Since the start of the Wise Club in 1758 continuing to his last work of the society in 1762, Reid put in many works that would be later seen in his publications two years afterwards. A lot of the work it egotism dealt with our senses and perception, and he even received an honorary Doctorate of Divinity from Marichal College in early 1762. By th e end 1763, he produced his first book An Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of general Sense, which was the result of his twenty years in New Machar and Aberdeen.The Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense was an argument against David Hume that allowed Thomas Reid to attain a very important role in the developing of philosophy. In his book, he makes an important point about Humes Treatise of Human Nature. Reid argued that if we as humans pick out no evidence that things exist, then we could never encounter an external object directly, and what we perceive is in our own minds. How can one be sure of the outside realities that differ from ones own sensations? Reid also verbalize, If I allow that my own sensations and ideas are my only possible original data, I cannot from such transitory phantoms infer the real existence of other persons. (Reid, 1764) This is also when Reid encountered Berkeleys theory a dead end for proving other intelligent macrocosms existence. Reid was also later criticized by John Stuart Mill, specifically in his common sense book. Mill said that any entreaty to intuition or self-evidence was a c over way of promoting self-interest (von Dehsen, 1999).He argued further that if only sensations and ideas of the self cannot be broken through, then the self is an illusion and the word self means nothing. The universe is, not sensations that are all personal, but is put into isolated sensations which can be similarly experienced by others, but not the exact same sensations. Reid also found it unreasonable that we do not in reality perceive external things and only certain images of them are imprinted in the mind called ideas and impressions. He thought this could only throw out all philosophy, religion, and common sense.These ideas are substitutions of the common reasonable sense, which neither requires nor admits of logical proof. Reid believed there two degrees of reason. The first degree of reason is the five senses to judge of things self-evident (Reid, 1764). The second degree is reasoning, which is able to make conclusions of non-self-evident reasoning from the first degree. Also, truth in judgments of common sense cannot be seen, they are only justified by reasoning and how human nature responds to them. For example, we drive the common sense that fire is hot because other people perceive it as hot and it comes through our senses. This is part of nature in human understanding, and is inspiration of God. Reasoning is used to control everything from emotions to appetite, and allows us to live and serve under God. God has famously fitted our conscience, reason, natural instincts and bodily appetites to the benefit of the species (Yaffe Nichols, 2009).He continued to say that this is what makes up the discoveries in our reasoning of the world and called this the common sense of mankind, and even started the School of Common Sense. When one ignores these innate senses though, another may recuperate them as being crazy. Reid also explained what if Hume found is right, and to not trust our senses I break my nose against a post that comes in my way, I step into a dirty kennel and after twenty such wise and rational actions I am taken up and clapped into a madhouse (Reid, 1764). Though people may not know if the senses are correct, everyone assumes they are because they are commonly known and perceived. Our common sense, to Reid, is cognizant and varies between persons, time periods, and locations.Reid listed six axioms that came from sensus communis, which was the term he used for common sense. The first is that the thoughts of which I am conscious are thoughts of a being which I call myself, my mind, my person. The second is that those things did in reality happen that I distinctly remember. The third is that we have some degree of power over our actions, and the determination of our will. the forth is that there is life and intelligence in our fellow m en with whom we converse. the fifth is that there is a certain demand due to human testimony in matters of fact, and even to human authority in matters of opinion. and the sixth is that, in the phenomena of nature, what is to be, will probably be like what has been in similar circumstances (Reid, 1785).He think in his common sense philosophy four basic principles of knowledge. The first principle was that certain undemonstrable fundamental truths are straightaway conclusive and absolute and that there are certain truths that are common among people. The second principle was that these truths cannot be subjected to criticism or support from science. The third principle was that philosophy itself comes from self-enlightening truth and anything that contradicts your truth is incorrect. The fourth truth was that our morality is what we use as guidelines in our life to perform our duties in society and we act with what goes with common sense and what we think is right (Reid, 1764).Tho mas Reid, before the book was published, wanted David Hume to read some of it. Hume responded with a compliment saying it was deeply philosophical yet written with spirit, and that no one else is able to explain themselves with greater clarity. However he kindly disagreed with the abstract that was sent. Reid wrote back saying that he was only attempting to fall down a little light on the subject, But whether I have any success in this attempt or not, I shall always avow myself your disciple in metaphysics (Reid, 1872). He also concluded that he learned more from Hume than everybody else known put together in the subject.Shortly following his book, Reid was offered to be the Chair of Moral Philosophy at the University of Glasgow when Adam Smith resigned in 1764. During his time of teaching in Glasgow College, the lectures that he provided would be the precursor of his published Essays of his old age. When 1772 came about, Reid had hardship in his personal life, when two of his of age(p) daughters died. When Reid was seventy, he discovered after sixteen years teaching at Glasgow, he found himself growing old. In a letter he wrote to his friend Lord Kames he reported this and turned over the class to his assistant Archibald Arthur so he could continue his philosophical authorship in retirement. After his retirement in 1780, he again found tough times the same year. His eldest son died, and only two years go by only to be heartbroken once again by the death of his last son, which left only one daughter in his family.Reids final works were his Essays, which come in two parts, and were based off his lectures at Glasgow. The first installment was an inquiry of mans intellectual power, while the second came a few years afterward explaining the facts of moral power and the invisible ideas in mans consciousness. In the Essays an advance is made towards a finally ethical interpretation of man and the universe.The Essays on the Intellectual Powers of piece of music wa s the first Essay to come out, in 1785. It explained our perception through the senses and memory, imagination, and sciences dealing with time frames. It also contained some rebuttal to the abstract reasoning criticism of common sense. He presents direct realism which is the view that our minds are directly connected to the world, and that we experience objects immediately as objects because of our power of perception. This was the opposite thinking of consciousness being formed by adding sensations to our ideas. Reid started with an important part of all this Human knowledge may be decrease to two general heads, according as it relates to body or to mind to things material, or to things intellectual (Reid, 1785). Otherwise, we know that there are two worlds, mind and matter.In his essay Reid continued with, The Supreme Being intended, that we should have such knowledge of the material objects that surrounds us, as is necessary in order to our supplying the wants of nature, and avo iding the dangers to which we are ceaselessly exposed and he has admirably fitted our powers of perception to this purpose. If the intelligence we have of external objects were to be got by reasoning only, the greatest part of men would be destitute of it for the greatest part of men hardly ever learn to reason and in infancy and childhood no man can reason. Also, he said that God conveys this intelligence of objects in a way we can understand and use the information. The information of the senses is as perfect, and gives as full conviction to the most ignorant, as to the most learned (Reid 1785). This showed that Reid believed that reason could not be the prerequisite to perception and that god gave us the innate ability of perception through the senses to draw conclusions of the universe.lead years after the first set of Essays, he put out the remaining works in 1788, titled Essays on the Active Powers of Man. This concluded the ideas that are not of the physical world including ethics. A man can act from motives that are higher than any that move the lower animals. He sees one course of action as having dignity and value, and another as being base and low and lower animals shift make such distinctions. Reid explains our higher sensibility as humans and our moral values as a society are means to set us apart from animals. The Essay continues to show that our power, though we cant perceive or be aware of it, is our minds reason. This is where Lockes theory, that we gather ideas our ideas through the senses and/or consciousness, conicts with the fact that we have a conception or idea of power (Reid 1785).Another point he postulated was that for some things, we have a direct conception, while for others, we only have a relative conception. This can be peradventure thought of as we have a direct conception of the third dimension since we live and experience it, but only a relative conception of the fourth. Reids hatred for Atheists and their reasoning in depr iving man of all active power is also shown in this work, They join hands with theologians in depreciating human understanding, so that they can lead us into absolute scepticism (Reid, 1785). He also concludes that there cant be an exclusion of our senses, memory, and rational faculties in any further theoretical opinion.Reid discusses his early version of mental faculties as active powers of the mind that influenced ones thoughts and behavior. Also, faculties are innate and work together as one unifying mind, some of which included were attention, judgment, perception, and reason. There were 43 total faculties (Hergenhahn, 2009). Though this was not the actual school of thought that phrenologists believed later, it did however help influence faculty psychology.Thomas Reid died when he was eighty-six, on October 7, 1796 in Glasgow. His most notable ideas for his recognition in the Scottish Enlightenment were direct realism and common sense. His works in metaphysics, epistemology or theory of knowledge, mind, and ethics, would come from the influences of David Hume, Cicero, Locke, and Berkeley. His Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense would bring upon the Scottish School of Common Sense, and his works collectively would later influence those such as Victor Cousin, Alvin Plantinga, and C.S. Peirce.I think he was quite important in the development of psychology. I think personally that rationalism is much more sane and reasonable than what Hume and the empiricists were saying that we cant trust our senses. However, I think its important sometimes to take a step back to take two steps forward and play devils index as what the skeptics were saying, otherwise we may not have seen Reid. He talks about the important make love of our senses being accurate and reasonable to trust even if they are slightly wrong. I also want his essays more in his common sense work just because it explained our reasoning abilities and our ethics, which no one really talked about in that much depth. If we were to believe Hume we could basically say that we are living in a matrix since the only thing real is feelings and ideas in the mind. This is why Reid is important because he explains how objects are rattling real and how we communicate about them. He helped influence faculty psychology and phrenology which opened up the doorsill for specific areas of the brain such as reasoning, consciousness, and attention.